Coronary Arteries Lesions in Kawasaki Disease: Risk Factors in an Italian Cohort.

: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis of medium arteries, particularly involving coronary arteries. Coronary artery lesions (CALs) is the most serious complication in the acute stage, potentially leading to ischemic cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction and sudden death. Environmental factors and genetic background contribute to individual susceptibility to develop CALs.

The Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Cholecystitis: A Comprehensive Narrative Review for a Practical Approach.

Acute cholecystitis (AC), generally associated with the presence of gallstones, is a relatively frequent disease that can lead to serious complications. For these reasons, AC warrants prompt clinical diagnosis and management. There is general agreement in terms of considering early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ELC) to be the best treatment for AC.

Corrigendum: Adherence to European society of gastrointestinal endoscopy quality performance measures for upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy: a nationwide survey from the Italian society of digestive endoscopy.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.

Autoimmune Atrophic Gastritis: A Clinical Review.

Autoimmune atrophic gastritis (AAG) is a chronic condition characterized by the presence of atrophy in the oxyntic mucosa due to anti-parietal cell antibodies. This review provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of autoimmune atrophic gastritis, reporting recent evidence on epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical presentation, risk of malignancies, and management. The prevalence of AAG has been estimated at between 0.

Idiopathic chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction syndrome is strongly associated with low serum levels of vitamin D.

Idiopathic chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) is associated with intestinal inflammation and malabsorption and may cause serum vitamin D deficiency. We aimed to assess whether there is an association between idiopathic CIPO and serum levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D. Consecutive patients with confirmed diagnosis of idiopathic CIPO were prospectively enrolled and matched with healthy controls by gender, age, and BMI.

Urgent ERCP performed with single-use duodenoscope (SUD) in patients with moderate-to-severe cholangitis: Single-center prospective study.

To assess the outcomes of urgent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) performed with a single-use duodenoscope (SUD) in patients with moderate-to-severe cholangitis. Between 2021 and 2022 consecutive patients with moderate-to-severe cholangitis were prospectively enrolled to undergo urgent ERCP with SUD. Technical success was defined as the completion of the planned procedure with SUD.

Endoscopic Management of Dysplastic Barrett's Oesophagus and Early Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma.

Barrett's oesophagus is a pathological condition whereby the normal oesophageal squamous mucosa is replaced by specialised, intestinal-type metaplasia, which is strongly linked to chronic gastro-oesophageal reflux. A correct endoscopic and histological diagnosis is pivotal in the management of Barrett's oesophagus to identify patients who are at high risk of progression to neoplasia. The presence and grade of dysplasia and the characteristics of visible lesions within the mucosa of Barrett's oesophagus are both important to guide the most appropriate endoscopic therapy.

Repeated endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy of solid pancreatic lesions after previous nondiagnostic or inconclusive sampling.

Objectives: Repeated endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided tissue acquisition represents the standard practice for solid pancreatic lesions after previous nondiagnostic or inconclusive results. Since data are lacking, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of repeated EUS fine-needle biopsy (rEUS-FNB) in this setting. The primary outcome was diagnostic accuracy; sample adequacy, sensitivity, specificity, and safety were secondary outcomes.

Kawasaki disease, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, and adenoviral infection: a scoring system to guide differential diagnosis.

Unlabelled: Children with Kawasaki disease (KD), Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), and Adenovirus infections (AI) of the upper respiratory tract show overlapping features. This study aims to develop a scoring system based on clinical or laboratory parameters to differentiate KD or MIS-C from AI patients. Ninety pediatric patients diagnosed with KD (n = 30), MIS-C (n = 26), and AI (n = 34) admitted to the Pediatric Emergency Unit of S.

Standard Bismuth Quadruple Therapy versus Concomitant Therapy for the First-Line Treatment of Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

(1) Background: Whether standard bismuth quadruple therapy (BQT) is superior to concomitant therapy for the first-line treatment of infection is unclear. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the efficacy of standard BQT versus concomitant therapy for eradication in subjects naïve to treatment. (2) Methods: Online databases were searched for randomized controlled trials.

Management of Barrett's Esophagus: Practice-Oriented Answers to Clinical Questions.

Barrett's esophagus is the most important complication of gastro-esophageal reflux disease and the only known precursor of esophageal adenocarcinoma. The diagnosis and treatment of Barrett's esophagus are clinically challenging as it requires a high level of knowledge and competence in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. For instance, endoscopists should know when and how to perform biopsies when Barrett's esophagus is suspected.

Nutrient intakes in adult and pediatric coeliac disease patients on gluten-free diet: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Celiac Disease (CD) continues to require a strict lifetime gluten-free diet (GFD) to maintain healthy status. Many studies have assessed the GFD nutritional adequacy in their cohorts, but an overall picture in adults and children would offer a lifetime vision to identify actionable areas of change. We aimed at assessing the nutrient intakes of adult and pediatric CD patients following a GFD diet and identifying potential areas of improvement.

Management of gastro-esophageal reflux disease: Practice-oriented answers to clinical questions.

Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition which is frequently faced by primary care physicians and gastroenterologists. Improving management of GERD is crucial to maximise both patient care and resource utilization. In fact, the management of patients with GERD is complex and poses several questions to the clinician who faces them in clinical practice.

Italian guidelines for the management of irritable bowel syndrome: Joint Consensus from the Italian Societies of: Gastroenterology and Endoscopy (SIGE), Neurogastroenterology and Motility (SINGEM), Hospital Gastroenterologists and Endoscopists (AIGO), Digestive Endoscopy (SIED), General Medicine (SIMG), Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Pediatric Nutrition (SIGENP) and Pediatrics (SIP).

The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic disorder of gut-brain interaction. IBS is still associated with areas of uncertainties, especially regarding the optimal diagnostic work-up and the more appropriate management. Experts from 7 Italian Societies conducted a Delphi consensus with literature summary and voting process on 27 statements.

Clinical value of alarm features for colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common neoplasm in Western countries. Prioritizing access to colonoscopy appears of critical relevance. Alarm features are considered to increase the likelihood of CRC.

Incidence, risk and protective factors of symptoms after colonoscopy.

Background: Few studies focused on minor adverse events which may develop after colonoscopy.

Aims: To investigate the incidence and factors associated to post-colonoscopy symptoms.

Methods: This is a prospective study conducted in 10 Italian hospitals.

Adaptive Individualized high-dose preoperAtive (AIDA) chemoradiation in high-risk rectal cancer: a phase II trial.

Purpose: To evaluate the pathological complete response (pCR) rate of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) after adaptive high-dose neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CRT) based on  F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ( F-FDG-PET/CT).

Methods: The primary endpoint was the pCR rate. Secondary endpoints were the predictive value of  F-FDG-PET/CT on pathological response and acute and late toxicity.

Evolving knowledge in surgical oncology of pancreatic cancer: from theory to clinical practice-a fifteen-year journey at a tertiary referral centre.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an increasing disease having a poor prognosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different models of care for pancreatic cancer in a tertiary referral centre in the period 2006-2020. Retrospective study of patients with PDAC observed from January 2006 to December 2020.

Management of Helicobacter pylori infection: Guidelines of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology (SIGE) and the Italian Society of Digestive Endoscopy (SIED).

Helicobacter pylori infection is very common and affects more than one-third of adults in Italy. Helicobacter pylori causes several gastro-duodenal diseases, such as gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric malignancy, and extra-gastric diseases. The eradication of the bacteria is becoming complex to achieve due to increasing antimicrobial resistance.

Determinants of symptom burden related to bowel preparation for colonoscopy.

Background: Symptoms developing during bowel preparation are major concerns among subjects who refuse the procedure.

Aims: We aimed to explore the determinants of symptoms occurring during preparation among patients undergoing elective colonoscopy.

Methods: This is a prospective multicenter study conducted in 10 Italian hospitals.

Single-use duodenoscopes for the prevention of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography -related cross-infection - from bench studies to clinical evidence.

Background: Several strategies have been implemented to reduce or abolish the life-threatening risk of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-related multidrug-resistant infections due to duodenoscopes contaminations; among those strategies, serial microbiologic tests, thorough reprocessing schedules, and use of removable scope cap have been adopted, but the potential cross-infection risk was not eliminated.

Aim: To review available evidence in the field of single-use duodenoscopes (SUD) use for ERCP.

Methods: An overview on ongoing clinical studies was also performed to delineate which data will become available in the next future.

Sexual dysfunction in gastroenterological patients: Do gastroenterologists care enough? A nationwide survey from the Italian Society of Gastroenterology (SIGE).

Background: Patients affected by gastrointestinal disorders often experience sexual dysfunction (SD). This creates stress and anxiety which impact on patients' and/or their partners' quality of life. A multidisciplinary approach to SD is often advisable in these patients.