Nanomicelle curcumin-induced testicular toxicity: Implications for altered mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy following redox imbalance.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of nano-micelle curcumin (NMC)-induced redox imbalance on mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy. For this purpose, 24 mature male Wistar rats were divided into control and NMC-received groups (7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg) groups.

Determination of oxidative stress and effect of erdosteine on rhinitis medicamentosa in a rat model.

We aimed to determine the presence of oxidative stress in rhinitis medicamentosa (RM) and to evaluate the effect of erdosteine (ED) on mucosal changes in a rat model. Twenty-four male rats were used in this experimental study. Three groups were created.

Lipoprotein subfraction profile and HDL-associated enzymes in sickle cell disease patients.

Although hypocholesterolemia is a reported finding in sickle cell disease (SCD), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions and HDL-associated enzymes have not been determined in SCD patients. Blood was collected from 38 hemoglobin (Hb)A volunteers and 45 homozygous HbSS patients who had not received blood transfusions in the last 3 months. Serum lipids were measured by automated analyzer while LDL and HDL subfraction analysis was done by continuous disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effect of thymoquinone in an acute Pseudomonas prostatitis rat model.

Introduction: The aim of this study is to investigate the potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of thymoquinone (TQ) to improve acute bacterial prostatitis (ABP) induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Material And Methods: A total of 42 male Wistar albino rats were divided into 7 groups as follows: control, ABP (24, 48, and 72 h), and TQ-ABP (24, 48, and 72 h). The prostate tissue samples were assayed for prostate tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels, and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities.

Thyroid Doppler indices in patients with sickle cell disease.

Objective: To evaluate the intrathyroidal hemodynamic changes and thyroidal volume in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients.

Methods: Thirty-two patients with homozygous SCD and 32 control subjects were examined with color Doppler ultrasonography. None of the patients and control subjects had clinical or laboratory evidence of thyroid disease.

Salt and nitric oxide synthase inhibition-induced hypertension: kidney dysfunction and brain anti-oxidant capacity.

The specific aim of this study was to examine the effects of salt-loading on kidney function and brain antioxidant capacity. Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control rats were given normal drinking water and no drug treatment for 2 weeks. LNNA group: rats were given normal drinking water and the nitric oxide (NO) inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), 3 mg/kg/day.

Protective effects of thymoquinone against methotrexate-induced testicular injury.

Thymoquinone is the major active component derived from Nigella sativa. Methotrexate is a folic acid antagonist widely used in clinic. Aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective role of thymoquinone on testicular toxicity of methotrexate.

Effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats.

Objective: Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a natural product with potent anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antioxidant activities and attenuates inflammation and lipid peroxidation induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of CAPE on isoproterenol (ISO) -induced myocardial infarction.

Methods: A randomized controlled experimental design was used in this study.

Protective effect of thymoquinone in experimental testicular torsion.

Objectives: To investigate the protective role of thymoquinone (TQ) on unilateral testicular ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice.

Materials And Methods: Experiments were performed on male C57BL/6 mice (8 weeks old, 20-25 g). The animals were divided into 3 groups including 6 mice in each group: control (sham), torsion/detorsion (TD) and TD+TQ.

The relationship between vitamin D and disease activity and functional health status in rheumatoid arthritis.

We aimed to establish the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and disease activity and health status in rheumatoid arthritis. Sixty-five patients with RA fulfilling ACR criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis and forty healthy controls were included in this study. Disease activity was assessed according to the Disease Activity Score including 28 joint counts.

Effects of ammonia and allopurinol on rat hippocampal NMDA receptors.

Ammonia is considered to be the main agent responsible for hepatic encephalopathy which progressively leads to altered mental status. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) is an ionotropic glutamate receptor, which is involved in synaptogenesis, memory and neurotoxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ammonia intoxication and allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor, on NMDA receptor subunits, NR2A and NR2B, in the hippocampus of rats.

Protective effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on cyclosporine A-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

Introduction: Cyclosporine A, an immunosuppressive agent, is widely used after organ transplantation such as the liver and kidney. However, its widespread use is restricted because it has serious toxic effects on the kidney. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a natural product with potent anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antioxidant activities, and it attenuates inflammation and lipid peroxidation induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Increased amount of visceral fat in patients with psoriasis contributes to metabolic syndrome.

Background: Psoriasis is associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is associated with visceral fat accumulation. There is no study on the accumulation of visceral fat in patients with psoriasis.

Protective effects of tadalafil on experimental spinal cord injury in rats.

Tadalafil is a selective inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5). Nitric oxide (NO) functions as a retrograde neurotransmitter in the spinal cord, and postsynaptic structures respond to NO by producing cGMP. The concentrations of cGMP in the spinal cord are controlled by the actions of PDE.

Resveratrol, a natural antioxidant, attenuates intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.

The intestine is highly susceptible to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Splanchnic ischemia is the initial event that releases injurious factors, leading to systemic disorders with high morbidity and mortality. Oxidative stress mediators are believed to contribute to the intestinal I/R injury.

From darkening urine to early diagnosis of alkaptonuria.

Alkaptonuria is a rare disorder of metabolism characterized by deficiency of homogentisic acid oxidase. Characteristic features include darkening of urine, ochronosis, and arthropathy. Darkening of urine is the only sign of the disorder in the pediatric age group, and it occurs at very early stage of the disorder, as reported by the parents.

Gradual detorsion of torsioned rat testis attenuates ischemia reperfusion injury.

Aim: This study was designed to investigate effect of gradual detorsion on testicular ischemia reperfusion injury.

Materials And Methods: A total of 21 male rats were divided into 3 groups, each containing 7 rats. Torsion was created by rotating the left testis 720 degrees in a clockwise direction.

Effects of erdosteine on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

We investigated the effects of erdosteine on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), and ALT (alanine transaminase) activities, and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide levels as oxidant/antioxidant biochemical parameters were investigated with light microscopic evaluation in adult female Wistar Albino rats. APAP administration produced a decrease in hepatic SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities, and coadministration of erdosteine (150 and 300 mg/kg) resulted in increases in the activities.

Protective effects of N-acetylcysteine on cyclosporine-A-induced nephrotoxicity.

Objectives: Cyclosporine A (CsA) is used for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. However, CsA-induced nephrotoxicity remains an important clinical problem, and oxidative stress has been implicated as a possible responsible mechanism. We assessed the protective ability of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, against CsA-induced nephrotoxicity.

Gadolinium chloride attenuates aortic occlusion-reperfusion-induced myocardial injury in rats.

Objective: Aortic ischemia and reperfusion periods, which are often associated with infrarenal abdominal aortic cross-clamping and declamping, cause injury in distant organs including the heart. We recently reported that Kupffer cell blockage with gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) attenuates lung injury induced by aortic ischemia-reperfusion (IR). Therefore, we hypothesized that GdCl3 may attenuate myocardial injury induced by aortic IR.

Expressions of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors NR2A and NR2B subunit proteins in normal and sulfite-oxidase deficient rat's hippocampus: effect of exogenous sulfite ingestion.

Sulfites whether ingested or produced through the sulfur-containing amino acids metabolism of the animal are very active molecules and can cause cellular toxicity. Sulfite oxidase (SOX), a heme- and molybdenum containing mitochondrial enzyme, prevents mammalian cells from adverse effects of sulfite toxicity by metabolizing sulfite to sulfate. The present study was aimed to investigate effect of sulfite on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NMDAR) NR2A and NR2B subunits in hippocampus of normal and SOX-deficient rats.

Melatonin increases NMDA receptor subunits 2A and 2B concentrations in rat hippocampus.

We investigated that the effects of melatonin on N-methyl-D: -aspartat receptor (NMDAR) subunits 2A and 2B concentrations and on markers of oxidative stress in hippocampus of rats treated with melatonin for 4 weeks. Animals were divided into four groups according to their melatonin doses (control group (C), n = 7; 5 mg/kg group (M5), n = 7; 10 mg/kg group (M10), n = 8; 20 mg/kg group (M20), n = 8) and received the melatonin as intraperitoneal injection. After 4 weeks of treatment, electrophoretic examination was done using sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blotting in hippocampal homogenates of different groups.

Effects of dietary long chain PUFAs on hippocampal lipid peroxidation and NMDA receptor subunits A and B concentration in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.

This study examined the effects of streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetes and dietary long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) on hippocampal N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit expression and lipid peroxidation. MDA level was significantly increased after 8 weeks of STZ-diabetes. LC-PUFAs administration significantly reduced MDA levels in diabetic rats.

Lung injury after aortic occlusion-reperfusion in rats: the role of gadolinium chloride.

Aortic ischemia-reperfusion (AIR) induced lung injury has already been documented. Kupffer cell blockage (KCB) with gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) has also been shown to attenuate remote organ damage caused by ischemia reperfusion. The present study was designed to examine the effect of GdCl3 in lung ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by aortic occlusion.