Development of essential oil diffusion matrices using non-ionic surfactants-supported NADES and hydrophobic NADES.

Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) represent a significant advance in green chemistry, offering an eco-friendly alternative to conventional organic solvents for applications in extraction, reaction media, and formulations. This study explores the application of NADES in essential oil formulations, using lavender essential oil (LEO) to investigate the solubilization and release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Two distinct NADES formulations were evaluated: hydrophilic NADES combined with surfactants, and hydrophobic NADES.

Effect of Tree Density on Yield and Fruit Quality of the Grafted Hazelnut Cultivar 'Tonda Francescana'.

Optimizing planting density is crucial for balancing resource competition, light penetration, and tree productivity in orchard systems. This study investigateed the impact of planting density on the yield and fruit quality of the hazelnut cultivar 'Tonda Francescana' grafted onto L. rootstocks.

Acoustic recording tags provide insight into the springtime acoustic behavior of sei whales in Massachusetts Bay.

The acoustic ecology of sei whales (Balaenoptera borealis) is poorly understood due to limited direct observation of the behavioral context of sound production and individual behavior. Suction cup-attached acoustic recording tags were deployed on sei whales to unambiguously assign call types and explore the acoustic behavior of this endangered species. Twelve tag deployments resulted in ∼173 h of acoustic data and 1030 calls.

Coriander () Polyphenols and Their Nutraceutical Value against Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome.

Coriander is a widely used plant for its medicinal and biological properties. Both coriander essential oil and extracts are interesting sources of bioactive compounds and are widely used as spices in culinary practice due to their exclusive aroma and flavour. We focus our attention on coriander extracts that are rich in polyphenols.

Deployment of biologging tags on free swimming large whales using uncrewed aerial systems.

Suction-cup-attached biologging tags have led to major advances in our understanding of large whale behaviour. Getting close enough to a whale at sea to safely attach a tag is a major limiting factor when deploying these systems. Here we present an uncrewed aerial system (UAS)-based tagging technique for free-swimming large whales and provide data on efficacy from field testing on blue () and fin () whales.

Influence of choline chloride-based NADES on the composition of Houtt. essential oil.

Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have emerged as green extracting solvents in recent years. In this study, a variety of choline chloride (ChCl)-based natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) were used as co-solvents for the hydrodistillation of nutmeg with the aim to obtain essential oil (EO) in higher yield and with a lower content of toxic phenylpropenoids (e.g.

Carbon allocation strategies and water uptake in young grafted and own-rooted hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cultivars.

In this study, grafted and own-rooted young hazelnut plants of three high-quality cultivars were cultivated in Central Italy to investigate possible differences in growth, fruit and flower production, and physiological processes encompassing water uptake, photosynthetic variables and non-structural carbohydrate allocation. Stable isotopes and photosynthetic measurements were used to study carbon and water fluxes in plants. For the first time, an ecophysiological study was carried out to understand the seasonal growth dynamics of grafted plants in comparison with own-rooted plants.

The Grapevine E3 Ubiquitin Ligase VriATL156 Confers Resistance against the Downy Mildew Pathogen .

Downy mildew, caused by , is one of the most severe diseases of grapevine ( L.). Genetic resistance is an effective and sustainable control strategy, but major resistance genes (encoding receptors for specific pathogen effectors) introgressed from wild species, although effective, may be non-durable because the pathogen can evolve to avoid specific recognition.

Environmental consequences of the treatment of corn contaminated by aflatoxin B1 with co-digestion and co-composting in a life cycle perspective.

Global environmental performances of anaerobic co-digestion and co-composting of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contaminated corn were investigated by a life cycle assessment approach. Anaerobic co-digestion of pig slurry and corn with 25 μgkg ww AFB1 concentration resulted able to generate 627 NLkgVS of biogas with a reduction of the AFB1 concentration in the digestate of 44%. At AFB1 concentration of 100 μg kg ww, the process resulted strongly inhibited with a biogas generation of 122 NLkgVS and AFB1 concentration reduction in the digestate of 25%.

Metabolite Storage in L. Seed: Cyto-Histological and Phytochemical Analyses.

Cocoa ( L.), an economically important tropical-fruit crop as source of chocolate, has recently gained a considerable attention; its seeds contain a large amount of different bioactive compounds that have attracted interest because may be beneficial to humans by improving cardiovascular health, by cancer chemo-preventive effects and also through neuroprotective activities. The morphological and anatomical characteristics of cocoa seeds are closely related to the aroma and to the nutritional properties.

Benefits and risks of long-term recycling of pharmaceutical sewage sludge on agricultural soil.

European policy is direct towards increasing the agricultural reuse of sludge on soil for improving the fertility; however, the effects of long-term pharmaceutical sewage sludge (PSS) application on soil properties are still unknown. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the agronomic and environmental effects on soil after 17 years of organic amendment with PSS derived from daptomycin production. Five different doses of PSS were spread on lands located in Anagni, Central Italy.

Effect of the mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 on a semi-continuous anaerobic digestion process.

Cereals are primary crops and are the most important raw material for feed and food production. Increasing aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination of corn is an emerging issue, and disposal procedures for AFB1-contaminated corn are not currently defined. Recovery of contaminated corn through anaerobic digestion may represent a suitable strategy for its valorisation; however, only a few studies concerning the effect of AFB1 on anaerobic processes can be found.

Valorization of a pharmaceutical organic sludge through different composting treatments.

Nowadays, the agricultural reuse of pharmaceutical sludge is still limited due to environmental and agronomic issues (e.g. low stabilization of the organic matter, phytotoxicity).

In vitro toxicity evaluation of estragole-containing preparations derived from Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (fennel) on HepG2 cells.

Estragole, a common component of herbs and spices, is a wellknown genotoxic hepatocarcinogen in rodents, whereas its potential toxic effect in humans is still debated. In the European contest, one of the major sources of human exposure to this phytochemical is Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (fennel).

Evaluation of benefits and risks associated with the agricultural use of organic wastes of pharmaceutical origin.

Industrial fermentations for the production of pharmaceuticals generate large volumes of wastewater that can be biologically treated to recover plant nutrients through the application of pharmaceutical-derived wastes to the soil. Nevertheless, benefits and risks associated with their recovery are still unexplored. Thus, the aim of the present work was to characterize three potential organic residues (sludge, anaerobic digestate and compost) derived from the wastewater generated by the daptomycin production process.

Two new lignans from the resin of Bursera microphylla A. gray and their cytotoxic activity.

Two new lignans, namely 7-O-podophyllotoxinyl butyrate (1) and dihydroclusin 9-acetate (2), were isolated from the dichloromethane fraction of a methanol extract of Bursera microphylla (Burseraceae), along with eight known lignans (3-10). Their structures were determined by means of comprehensive spectroscopic analysis. Lignans 2-6 were tested for their anti-proliferative activity on the cancer cell lines LS180, A549 and HeLa, and on a non-cancer cell line, ARPE-19.

Jasmonate-mediated defence responses, unlike salicylate-mediated responses, are involved in the recovery of grapevine from bois noir disease.

Background: Bois noir is an important disease of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), caused by phytoplasmas. An interesting, yet elusive aspect of the bois noir disease is "recovery", i.

Stomatal closure is induced by hydraulic signals and maintained by ABA in drought-stressed grapevine.

Water saving under drought stress is assured by stomatal closure driven by active (ABA-mediated) and/or passive (hydraulic-mediated) mechanisms. There is currently no comprehensive model nor any general consensus about the actual contribution and relative importance of each of the above factors in modulating stomatal closure in planta. In the present study, we assessed the contribution of passive (hydraulic) vs active (ABA mediated) mechanisms of stomatal closure in V.

Diterpenoids and Triterpenoids from the Resin of Bursera microphylla and Their Cytotoxic Activity.

A chemical study of the nonpolar fraction of a methanol-soluble extract of Bursera microphylla resin yielded a variety of di- and triterpenoids. In total, 15 compounds were isolated, of which three are new, namely, malabaricatrienone (1), malabaricatrienol (2), and microphyllanin (3). The antiproliferative activity of the major compounds was evaluated in different murine cancer cell lines (M12.

Hybrid solid anaerobic digestion batch: biomethane production and mass recovery from the organic fraction of solid waste.

An experimental apparatus was constructed to perform hybrid solid anaerobic digestion batch processing of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. The preliminary process was carried out with a high total solids concentration of about 33% w w(-1) and with an initial organic load of about 340 kg VS kg(-1). The fresh organic fraction to inoculum ratio used to enhance the anaerobic process start-up was 0.

Effect of pH on potassium metabisulphite biocidic activity against yeast and human cell cultures.

Potassium metabisulphite (PMB) is a common antimicrobial additive in the food industry. In aqueous solutions, PMB leads to complex equilibria according to its concentration, pH and temperature, and different chemical species can be present. In winemaking, PMB is used at low pH, suggesting that the biocidic activity is exerted by sulphur dioxide while, in other applications, it is employed at higher pH values with little if any dissociation.

Role of pathogen-induced volatiles in the Nicotiana tabacum-Golovinomyces cichoracearum interaction.

Plant injuries activate signal transduction cascades mediated by the plant hormones, which lead to enhanced expression of defence related genes and/or to changes in the emission of volatile organic compounds that can act as semiochemicals. In this research we demostrated that infection with the biotrophic pathogen Golovinomyces cichoracearum (DC.) V.

General and species-specific transcriptional responses to downy mildew infection in a susceptible (Vitis vinifera) and a resistant (V. riparia) grapevine species.

Background: Downy mildew is a destructive grapevine disease caused by Plasmopara viticola (Berk. and Curt.) Berl.

Adventitious rooting is enhanced by methyl jasmonate in tobacco thin cell layers.

Adventitious roots (ARs) are induced by auxins. Jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) are also plant growth regulators with many effects on development, but their role on ARs needs investigation. To this aim, we analyzed AR formation in tobacco thin cell layers (TCLs) cultured with 0.