Publications by authors named "Zade Holloway"

Early developmental exposure to environmental toxicants may play a role in the risk for developing autism. A variety of pesticides have direct effects on retinoic acid (RA) signaling and as RA signaling has important roles in neurodevelopment, such compounds may cause developmental neurotoxicity through an overlapping adverse outcome pathway. It is hypothesized that a pesticide's embryonic effects on retinoid function may correspond with neurobehavioral disruption later in development.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Neonicotinoid compounds are commonly used insecticides which have become increasingly used as replacements of older generations of insecticides, such as organophosphates. Given the established neurotoxicity of cholinergic toxicants, developmental neurotoxicity studies are needed to identify in vertebrate species the potential toxicity of these insecticides which act on nicotinic cholinergic receptors. Previously, developmental exposure to a neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid was shown to cause persisting neurobehavioral toxicity in zebrafish.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Human exposures to organophosphate flame retardants result from their use as additives in numerous consumer products. These agents are replacements for brominated flame retardants but have not yet faced similar scrutiny for developmental neurotoxicity. We examined a representative organophosphate flame retardant, triphenyl phosphate (TPP) and its potential effects on behavioral development and dopaminergic function.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are products of incomplete combustion which are ubiquitous pollutants and constituents of harmful mixtures such as tobacco smoke, petroleum and creosote. Animal studies have shown that these compounds exert developmental toxicity in multiple organ systems, including the nervous system. The relative persistence of or recovery from these effects across the lifespan remain poorly characterized.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Cannabis legalization is expanding and men are the predominant users. We have limited knowledge about how cannabis impacts sperm and whether the effects are heritable.

Results: Whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) data were generated for sperm of rats exposed to: (1) cannabis extract (CE) for 28 days, then 56 days of vehicle only (~ one spermatogenic cycle); (2) vehicle for 56 days, then 28 days of CE; or (3) vehicle only.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Diazinon is an organophosphate pesticide that has a history of wide use. Developmental exposures to organophosphates lead to neurobehavioral changes that emerge early in life and can persist into adulthood. However, preclinical studies have generally evaluated changes through young adulthood, whereas the persistence or progression of deficits into middle age remain poorly understood.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Nicotine has reinforcing effects, but there are thousands of other compounds in tobacco, some of which might interact with nicotine reinforcement.

Aims: This rat study was conducted to determine if nicotine self-administration is altered by co-administration of the complex mixture of compounds in tobacco smoke extract (TSE).

Methods: Female Sprague-Dawley rats were tested for self-administration of low doses of nicotine (3 or 10 µg/kg/infusion) at three different rates of reinforcement (FR1, FR3 and FR5) over three weeks either alone or together with the complex mixture of tobacco smoke extract (TSE).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental pollutants created by incomplete combustion. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), the prototypic PAH, is known to exert toxicity through oxidative stress which is thought to occur through inhibition of antioxidant scavenging systems. The use of agents that reduce oxidative stress may be a valuable route for ameliorating the adverse effects of PAHs on neural development and behavior.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • * This study used zebrafish to investigate both neurobehavioral effects and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by DZN exposure at different life stages, finding that adult exposure had minimal effects while developmental exposure resulted in significant behavioral changes.
  • * The research suggests that early exposure to DZN leads to lasting negative impacts on behavior and cellular function, particularly in key organs like the brain and testes, as zebrafish transitioned through their life stages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

A sequence of different classes of synthetic insecticides have been used over the past 70 years. Over this period, the widely-used organochlorines were eventually replaced by organophosphates, with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and chlorpyrifos (CPF) as the principal prototypes. Considerable research has characterized the risks of DDT and CPF individually, but little is known about the toxicology of transitioning from one class of insecticides to another, as has been commonplace for agricultural and pest control workers.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Measurement of attentional performance in animal behavioral research allows us to investigate neural mechanisms underlying attentional processes and translate results to better understand human attentional function, dysfunction and drug treatments to reverse dysfunction. One useful method to measure attention in experimental animal studies is to use an operant visual signal detection paradigm, consisting of two levers and the rapid flashing of a cue lamp to signal a reward. In this study, we tested the relative sensitivity of this task when using different variants of the stimulus signal, varying brightness or duration of the light cue.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Maternal toxicant exposure during gestation can have deleterious effects on neurobehavioral development of the offspring. The potential risks engendered by paternal toxicant exposure prior to conception have been largely understudied. Recently, we found that chronic THC exposure prior to conception in male rats causes long-lasting behavioral impairment in their offspring.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

As marijuana legalization is increasing, research regarding possible long-term risks for users and their offspring is needed. Little data exists on effects of paternal tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) exposure prior to reproduction. This study determined if chronic THC exposure alters sperm DNA methylation (DNAm) and if such effects are intergenerationally transmitted.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Rationale: A variety of neural systems are involved in drug addiction, and some of these systems are shared across different addictive drugs. We have found several different types of drug treatments that successfully reduce nicotine self-administration.

Objectives: The current set of studies is the first in a series to determine if drug treatments that have been found to significantly reduce nicotine self-administration would reduce opiate self-administration.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The potential health risks of cannabis are of growing concern, including effects on reproduction and development. Extensive research has investigated risks associated with maternal exposure to THC during gestation and its impacts on the development of offspring, but little research has been done regarding paternal THC exposure effects prior to conception. We have previously found that paternal THC exposure in rats causes changes in sperm methylation.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Diazinon is a widely-used organophosphate pesticide. Pulsatile exposure to diazinon during neonatal development has previously been shown cause long-term neurobehavioral impairments in rats. However, the effects of chronic low concentration exposures during perinatal development remain unclear.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres are known to be asymmetrical in structure and function, and previous literature supports that asymmetry extends to the neural dopamine systems. Using in vivo fixed potential amperometry with carbon fiber microelectrodes in anesthetized mice, the current study assessed hemispheric lateralization of stimulation-evoked dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the influence of the cerebellum in regulating this reward-associated pathway. Our results suggest that cerebellar output can modulate mesolimbic dopamine transmission, and this modulation contributes to asymmetrically lateralized dopamine release.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Midbrain dopaminergic neurons project to and modulate multiple highly interconnected modules of the basal ganglia, limbic system, and frontal cortex. Dopamine regulates behaviors associated with action selection in the striatum, reward in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), emotional processing in the amygdala, and executive functioning in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The multifunctionality of dopamine likely occurs at the individual synapses, with varied levels of phasic dopamine release acting on different receptor populations.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The amount, composition, and sources of nutrition support provided to preterm infants is critical for normal growth and development, and particularly for structural and functional neurodevelopment. Although omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), and particularly docosahexanoic acid (DHA), are considered of particular importance, results from clinical trials with preterm infants have been inconclusive because of ethical limitations and confounding variables. A translational large animal model is needed to understand the structural and functional responses to DHA.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: fopen(/var/lib/php/sessions/ci_sessionght90d9k3534brdc6pmd29148bjj1kt5): Failed to open stream: No space left on device

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 177

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_start(): Failed to read session data: user (path: /var/lib/php/sessions)

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 137

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once