An online national quality assessment survey of prostate MRI reading: interreader variability in prostate volume measurement and PI-RADS classification.

Background: High-quality assessment of prostate MRI is fundamental in both clinical practice and screening. There is a lack of national level data on variability in prostate volume measurement and PI-RADS assessment. Methods of quality assurance need to be developed.

Cancers not detected in one-view breast tomosynthesis screening-characteristics and reasons for non-detection.

Objectives: Limited understanding exists regarding non-detected cancers in digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) screening. This study aims to classify non-detected cancers into true or false negatives, compare them with true positives, and analyze reasons for non-detection.

Materials And Methods: Conducted between 2010 and 2015, the prospective single-center Malmö Breast Tomosynthesis Screening Trial (MBTST) compared one-view DBT and two-view digital mammography (DM).

A pilot study of AI-assisted reading of prostate MRI in Organized Prostate Cancer Testing.

Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility of AI-assisted reading of prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in Organized Prostate cancer Testing (OPT).

Methods: Retrospective cohort study including 57 men with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels ≥3 µg/L that performed bi-parametric MRI in OPT. The results of a CE-marked deep learning (DL) algorithm for prostate MRI lesion detection were compared with assessments performed by on-site radiologists and reference radiologists.

Our journey toward implementation of digital breast tomosynthesis in breast cancer screening: the Malmö Breast Tomosynthesis Screening Project.

Purpose: The purpose is to describe the Malmö Breast Tomosynthesis Screening Project from the beginning to where we are now, and thoughts for the future.

Approach: In two acts, we describe the efforts made by our research group to improve breast cancer screening by introducing digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), all the way from initial studies to a large prospective population-based screening trial and beyond.

Results: Our studies have shown that DBT has significant advantages over digital mammography (DM), the current gold standard method for breast cancer screening in Europe, in many aspects except a major one-the increased radiologist workload introduced with DBT compared with DM.

WHO-recommended levels of physical activity in relation to mammographic breast density, mammographic tumor appearance, and mode of detection of breast cancer.

Background: Despite known benefits of physical activity in reducing breast cancer risk, its impact on mammographic characteristics remain unclear and understudied. This study aimed to investigate associations between pre-diagnostic physical activity and mammographic features at breast cancer diagnosis, specifically mammographic breast density (MBD) and mammographic tumor appearance (MA), as well as mode of cancer detection (MoD).

Methods: Physical activity levels from study baseline (1991-1996) and mammographic information from the time of invasive breast cancer diagnosis (1991-2014) of 1116 women enrolled in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study cohort were used.

Assessing Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Impact on Early Cancer Detection: Insights from Consecutive Screening.

Background Analysis of how digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) screening affects consecutive screening performance is important to estimate its future value in screening. Purpose To evaluate whether DBT contributes to early detection of breast cancer by assessing cancer detection rates (CDRs), including the fraction of invasive cancers and cancer subtypes in consecutive routine digital mammography (DM). Materials and Methods The paired prospective Malmö Breast Tomosynthesis Screening Trial (MBTST) was performed between January 2010 and February 2015.

Estimation of the absorbed dose in simultaneous digital breast tomosynthesis and mechanical imaging.

Purpose: Use of mechanical imaging (MI) as complementary to digital mammography (DM), or in simultaneous digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and MI - DBTMI, has demonstrated the potential to increase the specificity of breast cancer screening and reduce unnecessary biopsies compared with DM. The aim of this study is to investigate the increase in the radiation dose due to the presence of an MI sensor during simultaneous image acquisition when automatic exposure control is used.

Approach: A radiation dose study was conducted on clinically available breast imaging systems with and without an MI sensor present.

Deep learning analysis of serial digital breast tomosynthesis images in a prospective cohort of breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Purpose: Different imaging tools, including digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), are frequently used for evaluating tumor response during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). This study aimed to explore whether using artificial intelligence (AI) for serial DBT acquisitions during NACT for breast cancer can predict pathological complete response (pCR) after completion of NACT.

Methods: A total of 149 women (mean age 53 years, pCR rate 22 %) with breast cancer treated with NACT at Skane University Hospital, Sweden, between 2014 and 2019, were prospectively included in this observational cohort study (ClinicalTrials.

Mammographic features differ with body composition in women with breast cancer.

Objectives: There are several breast cancer (BC) risk factors-many related to body composition, hormonal status, and fertility patterns. However, it is not known if risk factors in healthy women are associated with specific mammographic features at the time of BC diagnosis. Our aim was to assess the potential association between pre-diagnostic body composition and mammographic features in the diagnostic BC image.

Optical tuning of copolymer-in-oil tissue-mimicking materials for multispectral photoacoustic imaging.

. The availability of tissue-mimicking materials (TMMs) for manufacturing high-quality phantoms is crucial for standardization, evaluating novel quantitative approaches, and clinically translating new imaging modalities, such as photoacoustic imaging (PAI). Recently, a gel comprising the copolymer styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene (SEBS) in mineral oil has shown significant potential as TMM due to its optical and acoustic properties akin to soft tissue.

Deep learning performance on MRI prostate gland segmentation: evaluation of two commercially available algorithms compared with an expert radiologist.

Purpose: Accurate whole-gland prostate segmentation is crucial for successful ultrasound-MRI fusion biopsy, focal cancer treatment, and radiation therapy techniques. Commercially available artificial intelligence (AI) models, using deep learning algorithms (DLAs) for prostate gland segmentation, are rapidly increasing in numbers. Typically, their performance in a true clinical context is scarcely examined or published.

Perceptions of surveillance with magnetic resonance imaging among women with a hereditary risk of breast cancer-A phenomenographic study.

Aim: To explore perceptions of annual surveillance with magnetic resonance imaging and perceptions of care during the examination among women with a hereditary risk of breast cancer.

Design: Phenomenography.

Methods: Fourteen face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured interview guide were conducted among women undergoing surveillance in the southern region of Sweden.

MRI morphological characteristics of lymph nodes in anal squamous cell carcinoma.

Objectives: Pre-treatment staging of anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) includes pelvic MRI and [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET-CT). MRI criteria to define lymph node metastases (LNMs) in ASCC are currently lacking. The aim of this study was to describe the morphological characteristics of lymph nodes (LNs) on MRI in ASCC patients with PET-CT-positive LNs.

Population-based Organised Prostate Cancer Testing: Results from the First Invitation of 50-year-old Men.

Background: The European Union recently recommended evaluation of the feasibility of organised prostate cancer screening. In Sweden, regional population-based organised prostate cancer testing (OPT) programmes were introduced in 2020.

Objective: To describe initial participation rates and diagnostic outcomes.

Breast Cancer Diagnosis Using Extended-Wavelength-Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (EW-DRS)-Proof of Concept in Ex Vivo Breast Specimens Using Machine Learning.

This study aims to investigate the feasibility of using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) to distinguish malignant breast tissue from adjacent healthy tissue, and to evaluate if an extended-wavelength range (450-1550 nm) has an advantage over the standard wavelength range (450-900 nm). Multivariate statistics and machine learning algorithms, either linear discriminant analysis (LDA) or support vector machine (SVM) are used to distinguish the two tissue types in breast specimens (total or partial mastectomy) from 23 female patients with primary breast cancer. EW-DRS has a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 91% as compared to a sensitivity of 40% and specificity of 71% using the standard wavelength range.

Impact of breast density on diagnostic accuracy in digital breast tomosynthesis versus digital mammography: results from a European screening trial.

Background: The diagnostic accuracy of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and digital mammography (DM) in breast cancer screening may vary per breast density subgroup. The purpose of this study was to evaluate which women, based on automatically assessed breast density subgroups, have the greatest benefit of DBT compared with DM in the prospective Malmö Breast Tomosynthesis Screening Trial.

Materials And Methods: The prospective European, Malmö Breast Tomosynthesis Screening Trial (n = 14,848, Jan.

Simulation of breast lesions based upon fractal Perlin noise.

Purpose: Steadily increasing use of computational/virtual phantoms in medical physics has motivated expanding development of new simulation methods and data representations for modelling human anatomy. This has emphasized the need for increased realism, user control, and availability. In breast cancer research, virtual phantoms have gained an important role in evaluating and optimizing imaging systems.

Prevalence of women with breast implants in Sweden: a study based on the population-based mammography screening programme.

Background: Knowledge about the prevalence of women with breast implants is paramount in calculations of risks and in estimations of effects on screening and breast cancer treatment. Most of the estimations of prevalence made to date are rough and often based on sales data. The main aim of this study was to  calculate the prevalence of breast implants in Swedish women.

Effect of invitation letter in language of origin on screening attendance: randomised controlled trial in BreastScreen Norway.

Objective: To explore attendance at organised mammographic screening among immigrant groups that received an invitation letter and information leaflet (invitation) in their language of origin and Norwegian compared with Norwegian only.

Design: Randomised controlled trial.

Setting: Population based screening programme for breast cancer in Norway (BreastScreen Norway), which invites women aged 50-69 to two-view mammographic screening biennially.

Early screening outcomes before, during, and after a randomized controlled trial with digital breast tomosynthesis.

Purpose: To describe and compare early screening outcomes before, during and after a randomized controlled trial with digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) including synthetic 2D mammography versus standard digital mammography (DM) (To-Be 1) and a follow-up cohort study using DBT (To-Be 2).

Methods: Retrospective results of 125,020 screening examinations from four consecutive screening rounds performed in 2014-2021 were described and compared for pre-To-Be 1 (DM), To-Be 1 (DM or DBT), To-Be 2 (DBT), and post-To-Be 2 (DM) cohorts. Descriptive analyses of rates of recall, biopsy, screen-detected and interval cancer, distribution of histopathologic tumor characteristics and time spent on image interpretation and consensus were presented for the four rounds including five cohorts, one cohort in each screening round except for the To-Be 1 trail, which included a DBT and a DM cohort.

FGF/FGFR1 system in paired breast tumor-adjacent and tumor tissues, associations with mammographic breast density and tumor characteristics.

Introduction: Mammographic breast density (MBD) is an established breast cancer risk factor, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be deciphered. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) amplification is associated with breast cancer development and aberrant FGF signaling found in the biological processes related to both high mammographic density and breast cancer microenvironment. The aim of this study was to investigate the FGF/FGFR1 expression in-between paired tumor-adjacent and tumor tissues from the same patient, and its associations with MBD and tumor characteristics.

A pilot study of an organised population-based testing programme for prostate cancer.

Objective: To determine the feasibility of a digitally automated population-based programme for organised prostate cancer testing (OPT) in Southern Sweden.

Patients And Methods: A pilot project for a regional OPT was conducted between September 2020 and February 2021, inviting 999 randomly selected men aged 50, 56, or 62 years. Risk stratification was based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, PSA density (PSAD), and bi-parametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

European Society of Breast Imaging (EUSOBI) guidelines on the management of axillary lymphadenopathy after COVID-19 vaccination: 2023 revision.

Axillary lymphadenopathy is a common side effect of COVID-19 vaccination, leading to increased imaging-detected asymptomatic and symptomatic unilateral axillary lymphadenopathy. This has threatened to negatively impact the workflow of breast imaging services, leading to the release of ten recommendations by the European Society of Breast Imaging (EUSOBI) in August 2021. Considering the rapidly changing scenario and data scarcity, these initial recommendations kept a highly conservative approach.