"Opioid free colorectal surgery: Outcomes of successful non-opiate colorectal surgery in a rural community teaching hospital".

Background: Opiates present challenges due to side effects, including prolonged hospitalization and delayed bowel function. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols advocate for multimodal pain management, yet few studies explore entirely non-opiate approaches.

Methods: 134 elective ERAS colorectal surgery patients were reviewed from January 2019 to June 2020 ​at a single institution, with surgery performed by a single surgeon.

Peri-Hilar Cystic Lymphangioma Mimicking a Biliary Cystic Lesion Causing Biliary Obstruction: A Case Report and Literature Review.

BACKGROUND Lymphangiomas are rare and benign malformations of the lymphatic system. The presentation of intra-abdominal lymphangiomas, especially from within the hepatoduodenal ligament, is rare in the adult population. In this report, we examine a lymphangioma within the hepatoduodenal ligament resulting in biliary obstruction.

Traumatic superficial temporal artery pseudoaneurysm & management following mandible fracture.

A traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the superficial temporal artery is a rare vascular lesion that typically occurs after blunt trauma to the temporal region. It accounts for only 1% of all traumatic aneurysms. These pseudoaneurysms need to be appropriately diagnosed and treated without delay as the patient can experience resulting symptoms of severe headache, facial nerve palsy, arterial bleeding, and/or bone erosion.

Endovascular repair of aortobronchial fistula three decades after open repair of traumatic aortic transection: A case report and 3-year follow-up.

A rare and lethal vascular condition is the communication of the thoracic aorta and tracheobronchial tree. Typically, the development occurs after open or endovascular aortic repair that has been complicated by infection and usually presents with hemoptysis as the heralding event, which can lead to massive hemorrhage. Computed tomography angiography remains the diagnostic imaging modality of choice.

Sarcomatoid Carcinoma of the Ascending Colon: A Case Report and Literature Review.

BACKGROUND Sarcomatoid carcinoma is a rare tumor that can occur in different organs and anatomical locations. Colonic sarcomatoid carcinoma, also known as carcinosarcoma, is an extremely rare tumor, with only 32 cases reported world-wide. The pathogenesis and guidelines for treatment are poorly understood due to the rarity and invasiveness of the disease.

Fatal Sequelae of Reperfusion Injury in Postoperative Gastric Bypass.

BACKGROUND Obesity is a pandemic that is currently uncontrolled. In the surgical population, bariatric surgery is a sustainable and attractive option. However, both obesity and surgery can independently increase the risk for venous thromboembolism and subsequent significant and even fatal adverse effects.

The role for infarct volume as a surrogate measure of functional outcome following ischemic stroke.

The failed translation of proposed therapeutic agents for ischemic stroke from preclinical to clinical studies has led to increased scrutiny of preclinical studies, namely the model and outcome measures utilized. Preclinical studies routinely use infarct volume as an experimental endpoint or measure in studies employing young-adult, healthy male animals despite the fact that clinically, ischemic stroke is a disease of the elderly and improvements in functional outcome from pre- to post-intervention remains the most widely utilized assessment. The validity of infarct volume as a surrogate measure for functional outcome remains unclear in clinical studies as well as preclinical studies, particularly those utilizing a more clinically relevant aged thromboembolic model.

Single low-dose lipopolysaccharide preconditioning: neuroprotective against axonal injury and modulates glial cells.

Aim: Over 7 million traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are reported each year in the United States. However, treatments and neuroprotection following TBI are limited because secondary injury cascades are poorly understood. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration before controlled cortical impact can contribute to neuroprotection.

Amelioration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase mediated stress reduces cell death after blast-induced traumatic brain injury.

A total of 1.7 million traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) occur each year in the United States, but available pharmacologic options for the treatment of acute neurotrauma are limited. Oxidative stress is an important secondary mechanism of injury that can lead to neuronal apoptosis and subsequent behavioral changes.

Altering endoplasmic reticulum stress in a model of blast-induced traumatic brain injury controls cellular fate and ameliorates neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Neuronal injury following blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) increases the risk for neuropsychiatric disorders, yet the pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Blood-brain-barrier (BBB) disruption, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and apoptosis have all been implicated in bTBI. Microvessel compromise is a primary effect of bTBI and is postulated to cause subcellular secondary effects such as ER stress.

Bryostatin-1 Restores Blood Brain Barrier Integrity following Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury.

Recent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have accounted for an estimated 270,000 blast exposures among military personnel. Blast traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the 'signature injury' of modern warfare. Blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption following blast TBI can lead to long-term and diffuse neuroinflammation.

SN79, a sigma receptor antagonist, attenuates methamphetamine-induced astrogliosis through a blockade of OSMR/gp130 signaling and STAT3 phosphorylation.

Methamphetamine (METH) exposure results in dopaminergic neurotoxicity in striatal regions of the brain, an effect that has been linked to an increased risk of Parkinson's disease. Various aspects of neuroinflammation, including astrogliosis, are believed to be contributory factors in METH neurotoxicity. METH interacts with sigma receptors at physiologically relevant concentrations and treatment with sigma receptor antagonists has been shown to mitigate METH-induced neurotoxicity in rodent models.

Elucidating the severity of preclinical traumatic brain injury models: a role for functional assessment?

Background: Concussion remains a symptom-based diagnosis clinically, yet preclinical studies investigating traumatic brain injury, of which concussion is believed to represent a "mild" form, emphasize histological end points with functional assessments often minimized or ignored all together. Recently, clinical studies have identified the importance of cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms, in addition to somatic concerns, following concussion. How these findings may translate to preclinical studies is unclear at present.

Bryostatin improves survival and reduces ischemic brain injury in aged rats after acute ischemic stroke.

Background And Purpose: Bryostatin, a potent protein kinase C (PKC) activator, has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in preclinical models of associative memory, Alzheimer disease, global ischemia, and traumatic brain injury. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that administration of bryostatin provides a therapeutic benefit in reducing brain injury and improving stroke outcome using a clinically relevant model of cerebral ischemia with tissue plasminogen activator reperfusion in aged rats.

Methods: Acute cerebral ischemia was produced by reversible occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (MCAO) in 18- to 20-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats using an autologous blood clot with tissue plasminogen activator-mediated reperfusion.

Modeling clinically relevant blast parameters based on scaling principles produces functional & histological deficits in rats.

Blast-induced traumatic brain injury represents a leading cause of injury in modern warfare with injury pathogenesis poorly understood. Preclinical models of blast injury remain poorly standardized across laboratories and the clinical relevance unclear based upon pulmonary injury scaling laws. Models capable of high peak overpressures and of short duration may better replicate clinical exposure when scaling principles are considered.

SN79, a sigma receptor ligand, blocks methamphetamine-induced microglial activation and cytokine upregulation.

Methamphetamine (METH) abuse is associated with several negative side effects including neurotoxicity in specific brain regions such as the striatum. The precise molecular mechanisms by which METH usage results in neurotoxicity remain to be fully elucidated, with recent evidence implicating the importance of microglial activation and neuroinflammation in damaged brain regions. METH interacts with sigma receptors which are found in glial cells in addition to neurons.

Effect of slosh mitigation on histologic markers of traumatic brain injury: laboratory investigation.

Object: Helmets successfully prevent most cranial fractures and skull traumas, but traumatic brain injury (TBI) and concussions continue to occur with frightening frequency despite the widespread use of helmets on the athletic field and battlefield. Protection against such injury is needed. The object of this study was to determine if slosh mitigation reduces neural degeneration, gliosis, and neuroinflammation.

Effects of aging on behavioral assessment performance: implications for clinically relevant models of neurological disease.

Object: Despite the role of aging in development of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, the effects of age are often disregarded in experimental design of preclinical studies. Functional assessment increases the clinical relevance of animal models of neurological disease and adds value beyond traditional histological measures. However, the relationship between age and functional impairment has not been systematically assessed through a battery of functional tests.