Using Wet Bulb Globe Temperature and Physiological Equivalent Temperature as Predicative Models of Medical Stress in a Marathon: Analysis of 30 Years of Data From the Twin Cities Marathon.

Objectives: : Assess the relationships between wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and physiologic equivalent temperature (PET) at the start of a northern latitude marathon and their associations with medical stress and transfers to the emergency room (ER) when the race environment is unexpectedly warm, and participants are not acclimatized.

Design: : Retrospective review.

Setting: : Twin Cities Marathon from 1990 to 2019.

Contribution of snowfall from diverse synoptic conditions in the Catskill/Delaware Watershed of New York State.

Snowfall in the six basins of the Catskill/Delaware Watershed in south-central New York State historically contributes roughly 20-30% of the water resources derived from the watershed for use in the New York City water supply. The watershed regularly experiences snowfall from three distinctive weather patterns: coastal mid-latitude cyclones, overrunning systems, and lake-effect or Great Lakes enhanced storms. Using synoptic weather classification techniques, these distinct regional atmospheric patterns impacting the watershed are isolated and analysed in conjunction with daily snowfall observations from 1960 to 2009 to allow the influence of each synoptic weather pattern on snowfall to be evaluated independently.