Acute exercise alters brain glucose metabolism in aging and Alzheimer's disease.

There is evidence that aerobic exercise improves brain health. Benefits may be modulated by acute physiological responses to exercise, but this has not been well characterized in older or cognitively impaired adults. The randomized controlled trial 'AEROBIC' (NCT04299308) enrolled 60 older adults who were cognitively healthy (n = 30) or cognitively impaired (n = 30) to characterize the acute brain responses to moderate [45-55% heart rate reserve (HRR)] and higher (65-75% HRR) intensity acute exercise.

Methods to characterize lactate turnover in aging and Alzheimer's disease; The LEAN study.

Background: There is evidence that chronic exercise can benefit the brain, but the effects vary markedly between studies. One potential mechanism for exercise-related benefit is the increase in systemic lactate concentration that is well-characterized to occur during exercise. Lactate is known to cross the blood brain barrier and can be used readily as a fuel for neurons.

Sustained Increase in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Incidence Across the South West United Kingdom Over the Last 10 Years.

Background: Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (pIBD) incidence has increased over the last 25 years. We aim to report contemporaneous trends across the South West United Kingdom.

Methods: Data were provided from centers covering the South West United Kingdom (Bristol, Oxford, Cardiff, Exeter, and Southampton), with a total area at-risk population (<18 years of age) of 2 947 534.

Biomarker Responses to Acute Exercise and Relationship with Brain Blood Flow.

Background: There is evidence that aerobic exercise is beneficial for brain health, but these effects are variable between individuals and the underlying mechanisms that modulate these benefits remain unclear.

Objective: We sought to characterize the acute physiological response of bioenergetic and neurotrophic blood biomarkers to exercise in cognitively healthy older adults, as well as relationships with brain blood flow.

Methods: We measured exercise-induced changes in lactate, which has been linked to brain blood flow, as well brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin related to brain health.

NIMBUS study protocol: a single-centre feasibility study of non-invasive monitoring with bowel ultrasound in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease.

Introduction: Incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing in childhood and treatment increasingly targets mucosal healing. Monitoring bowel inflammation requires endoscopy or MRI enterography which are invasive, expensive and have long waiting lists.We aim to examine the feasibility of a non-invasive monitoring tool-bowel ultrasound (BUS)-in children with IBD and explore correlations with inflammatory markers and disease activity measures.

Blood Biomarkers Discriminate Cerebral Amyloid Status and Cognitive Diagnosis when Collected with ACD-A Anticoagulant.

Background: The development of biomarkers that are easy to collect, process, and store is a major goal of research on current Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and underlies the growing interest in plasma biomarkers. Biomarkers with these qualities will improve diagnosis and allow for better monitoring of therapeutic interventions. However, blood collection strategies have historically differed between studies.

Recent developments in the assessment and management of inflammatory bowel disease in childhood: a narrative review.

Background And Objective: The landscape of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (pIBD) continues to evolve in an era of increasing incidence. There have been rapid developments in understanding, as we begin to perceive IBD as a spectrum of conditions, alongside advancements in monitoring and treatment. The objective of this article was to provide an overview of recent advances and challenges in the management of pIBD, with a focus on sustainable healthcare, personalised therapy, genomics, new drugs and avenues for future optimisation.

Increased Functional Connectivity of the Precuneus in Individuals with a Family History of Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: First-degree relatives of individuals with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) have increased risk for AD, with children of affected parents at an especially high risk.

Objective: We aimed to investigate default mode network connectivity, medial temporal cortex volume, and cognition in cognitively healthy (CH) individuals with (FH+) and without (FH-) a family history of AD, alongside amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and AD individuals, to determine the context and directionality of dysfunction in at-risk individuals. Our primary hypothesis was that there would be a linear decline (CH FH- > CH FH+ > aMCI > AD) within the risk groups on all measures of AD risk.

Hippocampal blood flow rapidly and preferentially increases after a bout of moderate-intensity exercise in older adults with poor cerebrovascular health.

Over the course of aging, there is an early degradation of cerebrovascular health, which may be attenuated with aerobic exercise training. Yet, the acute cerebrovascular response to a single bout of exercise remains elusive, particularly within key brain regions most affected by age-related disease processes. We investigated the acute global and region-specific cerebral blood flow (CBF) response to 15 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in older adults (≥65 years; n = 60) using arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging.

Relationship of fasting glucose and longitudinal Alzheimer's disease imaging markers.

Introduction: Fasting glucose increases with age and is linked to modifiable Alzheimer's disease risk factors such as cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: We leveraged available biospecimens and neuroimaging measures collected during the Alzheimer's Prevention Through Exercise (APEx) trial (n = 105) to examine the longitudinal relationship between change in blood glucose metabolism and change in regional cerebral amyloid deposition and gray and white matter (WM) neurodegeneration in older adults over 1 year of follow-up.

Results: Individuals with improving fasting glucose (n = 61) exhibited less atrophy and regional amyloid accumulation compared to those whose fasting glucose worsened over 1 year (n = 44).

Mild Cognitive Impairment and Donepezil Impact Mitochondrial Respiratory Capacity in Skeletal Muscle.

Alzheimer's Disease (ad) associates with insulin resistance and low aerobic capacity, suggestive of impaired skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. However, this has not been directly measured in AD. This study (   = 50) compared muscle mitochondrial respiratory function and gene expression profiling in cognitively healthy older adults (CH;  = 24) to 26 individuals in the earliest phase of ad-related cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment (MCI;   = 11) or MCI taking the ad medication donepezil (MCI + med;   = 15).

Rationale and methods to characterize the acute exercise response in aging and Alzheimer's Disease: the AEROBIC pilot study.

There is evidence that exercise benefits the brain, but the mechanisms for this benefit are unclear. The chronic benefits of exercise are likely a product of discreet, acute responses in exercise-related blood biomarkers and brain metabolism. This acute exercise response has not been compared in aging and Alzheimer's Disease (AD).

Routine abdominal magnetic resonance imaging can determine psoas muscle area in paediatric Crohn's disease and correlates with bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy measures of lean mass.

Background: Paediatric Crohn's disease (CD) has been associated with undernutrition. Accurate and accessible measures of body composition would provide data to personalise nutritional therapy. We assessed feasibility of MRI-derived measures of psoas cross-sectional area (PCSA) in paediatric CD and correlated with anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) measures.

Growth failure is rare in a contemporary cohort of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease patients.

Aim: We assessed growth in a paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) cohort.

Methods: Paediatric inflammatory bowel disease patients were eligible if they were diagnosed at Southampton Children's Hospital from 2011 to 2018. Weight and height standard deviation scores (SDS) were retrieved.

Inflammatory bowel disease: long-term therapeutic challenges.

: Long-term, sustained, remission is the ultimate goal of contemporary inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapy. Avoiding complications, surgery and malignancy, alongside minimizing the side effects of medications are vital. However, the reality of treatment involves patients losing response to therapy, or developing complications requiring cessation of medication.

Oxylipin Profiling of Alzheimer's Disease in Nondiabetic and Type 2 Diabetic Elderly.

Oxygenated lipids, called "oxylipins," serve a variety of important signaling roles within the cell. Oxylipins have been linked to inflammation and vascular function, and blood patterns have been shown to differ in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Because these factors (inflammation, vascular function, diabetes) are also associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk, we set out to characterize the serum oxylipin profile in elderly and AD subjects to understand if there are shared patterns between AD and T2D.

What's New in Rezum: a Transurethral Water Vapour Therapy for BPH.

Purpose Of Review: Rezum is a new minimally invasive treatment for benign prostate enlargement using thermal transurethral water vapour therapy. We review the evidence with advantages and disadvantages of this technique.

Recent Findings: There are five studies reported including a randomised control trial looking at the outcomes of Rezum.

Health-Related Quality of Life of Older Adults in Costa Rica as Measured by the Short-Form-36 Health Survey.

To test the validity of a common measure of health-related quality of life (Short-Form-36 [SF-36]) in cognitively healthy older adults living in rural and urban Costa Rica. Confirmatory factor analysis was applied to SF-36 data collected in 250 older adults from San Jose and Guanacaste, Costa Rica. The best fitting model for the SF-36 was an eight first-order factor structure.

Endocytic vesicle rupture is a conserved mechanism of cellular invasion by amyloid proteins.

Numerous pathological amyloid proteins spread from cell to cell during neurodegenerative disease, facilitating the propagation of cellular pathology and disease progression. Understanding the mechanism by which disease-associated amyloid protein assemblies enter target cells and induce cellular dysfunction is, therefore, key to understanding the progressive nature of such neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we utilized an imaging-based assay to monitor the ability of disease-associated amyloid assemblies to rupture intracellular vesicles following endocytosis.

Parasite infection and sand coarseness increase sand crab (Emerita analoga) burrowing time.

Parasites with indirect life cycles require trophic transmission from intermediate hosts to definitive (vertebrate) hosts. Transmission may be facilitated if parasite infection alters the behavior of intermediate hosts such that they are more vulnerable to predation. Vulnerability to predation may also be influenced by abiotic factors; however, rarely are the effects of parasites and abiotic factors examined simultaneously.