MOHS Patients Can Reliably Estimate Preoperative Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Size.

As the presurgical size and anatomic location of non-melanoma skin cancer correlates to the complexity of Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS), patients are frequently asked to self-report their preoperative tumor size to aid in efficient scheduling and triage. We aimed to assess the accuracy of patient's self-reported lesion measurements prior to MMS by comparing patient's estimates of lesion size to the measurements taken by a Mohs surgeon. We conducted a retrospective chart review of 1,000 patients who underwent MMS and self-reported their lesion size at a preoperative telehealth visit.

Endothelial Neurogranin Regulates Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability via Modulation of the AKT Pathway.

Neurogranin (Ng) expression is a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease. A loss of brain Ng and an increase in CSF Ng positively correlate with cognitive decline. Ng is known to regulate neuronal calcium-calmodulin binding and synaptic plasticity, which are critical for learning/memory.

Covalent and noncovalent strategies for targeting Lys102 in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.

Reverse transcriptase (RT) is one of three key proteins responsible for the replication cycle of HIV-1 in the host. Several classes of inhibitors have been developed to target the enzyme, with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors forming first-line treatment. Previously, covalent RT inhibitors have been identified and found to bind irreversibly to commonly mutated residues such as Y181C.

Design, synthesis, and biological testing of biphenylmethyloxazole inhibitors targeting HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.

We report non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (NNRTIs) using a biphenylmethyloxazole pharmacophore. A crystal structure of benzyloxazole 1 was obtained and suggested the potential viability of biphenyl analogues. In particular, 6a, 6b, and 7 turned out to be potent NNRTIs with low-nanomolar activity in enzyme inhibition and infected T-cell assays, and with low cytotoxicity.

Building a synthesis of economic costs of biological invasions in New Zealand.

Biological invasions are a major component of anthropogenic environmental change, incurring substantial economic costs across all sectors of society and ecosystems. There have been recent syntheses of costs for a number of countries using the newly compiled InvaCost database, but New Zealand-a country renowned for its approach to invasive species management-has so far not been examined. Here we analyse reported economic damage and management costs incurred by biological invasions in New Zealand from 1968 to 2020.

The global contribution of invasive vertebrate eradication as a key island restoration tool.

Islands are global hotspots for biodiversity and extinction, representing ~ 5% of Earth's land area alongside 40% of globally threatened vertebrates and 61% of global extinctions since the 1500s. Invasive species are the primary driver of native biodiversity loss on islands, though eradication of invasive species from islands has been effective at halting or reversing these trends. A global compendium of this conservation tool is essential for scaling best-practices and enabling innovations to maximize biodiversity outcomes.

Covalent Inhibition of Wild-Type HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Using a Fluorosulfate Warhead.

Covalent inhibitors of wild-type HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (CRTIs) are reported. Three compounds derived from catechol diether non-nucleoside inhibitors (NNRTIs) with addition of a fluorosulfate warhead are demonstrated to covalently modify Tyr181 of HIV-RT. X-ray crystal structures for complexes of the CRTIs with the enzyme are provided, which fully demonstrate the covalent attachment, and confirmation is provided by appropriate mass shifts in ESI-TOF mass spectra.

Swallowing dysfunction following radiation to the rat mylohyoid muscle is associated with sensory neuron injury.

Radiation-based treatments for oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers result in impairments in swallowing mobility, but the mechanisms behind the dysfunction are not clear. The purpose of this study was to determine if we could establish an animal model of radiation-induced dysphagia in which mechanisms could be examined. We hypothesized that ) radiation focused at the depth of the mylohyoid muscle would alter normal bolus transport and bolus size and ) radiation to the mylohyoid muscle will induce an injury/stress-like response in trigeminal sensory neurons whose input might modulate swallow.

The clock is ticking: Temporally prioritizing eradications on islands.

Achieving conservation objectives is time critical, but the vast number of threats and potential actions means some form of ranking is necessary to aid prioritization. Objective methods for ranking conservation actions based on when they are differentially likely to become feasible, or to succeed, are currently unavailable within existing decision-making frameworks but are critical for making informed management decisions. We demonstrate how statistical tools developed for survival (or time-to-event) analysis can be used to rank conservation actions over time, through the lens of invasive mammal eradications on islands.

Rapid and temporary improvement of depression and anxiety observed following niraparib administration: a case report.

Background: Cancer patients are disproportionately affected by generalized anxiety and major depression. For many, current treatments for these conditions are ineffective. In this case report, we present a serendipitous case of anxiety and depression improvement following administration of the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor niraparib.

Bedside diagnostics in dermatology: Viral, bacterial, and fungal infections.

Viral, bacterial, and fungal infections are frequently encountered in clinical practice, resulting in numerous cutaneous manifestations. Although diagnosis of these infections has changed over time because of technological advancements, such as polymerase chain reaction, bedside diagnostic techniques still play an important role in diagnosis and management, enabling rapid and low-cost diagnosis and implementation of appropriate therapies. This 2-part article will review both common and infrequent uses of bedside diagnostic techniques that dermatologists can incorporate into daily practice.

Creation of an Internal Teledermatology Store-and-Forward System in an Existing Electronic Health Record: A Pilot Study in a Safety-Net Public Health and Hospital System.

Importance: External store-and-forward (SAF) teledermatology systems operate separately from the primary health record and have many limitations, including care fragmentation, inadequate communication among clinicians, and privacy and security concerns, among others. Development of internal SAF workflows within existing electronic health records (EHRs) should be the standard for large health care organizations for delivering high-quality dermatologic care, improving access, and capturing other telemedicine benchmark data. Epic EHR software (Epic Systems Corporation) is currently one of the most widely used EHR system in the United States, and development of a successful SAF workflow within it is needed.