Preterm Birth Frequency and Associated Outcomes From the MATISSE (Maternal Immunization Study for Safety and Efficacy) Maternal Trial of the Bivalent Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F Protein Vaccine.

Objective: To describe preterm birth frequency and newborn and infant outcomes overall and among preterm children in the MATISSE (Maternal Immunization Study for Safety and Efficacy) trial of maternal vaccination with bivalent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prefusion F protein-based vaccine (RSVpreF) to protect infants against severe RSV-associated illness.

Methods: MATISSE was a global, phase 3, randomized, double-blind trial. Pregnant individuals received single injections of RSVpreF or placebo.

Same-Day Discharge After a Minimally Invasive Colectomy: A Successful Approach to Patient Selection.

Background: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols have been shown to decrease inpatient length of stay (LOS) and improve surgical outcomes in elective abdominal colorectal procedures. Discharging a patient home after a minimally invasive colectomy on the same calendar day is a multifactorial decision that takes into account the patient's decision and baseline condition, social factors, intraoperative findings, and postoperative recovery status. The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of same-day discharge (SDD) following minimally invasive colectomy within an ERAS protocol in a community hospital setting in Houston, Texas.

Leveraging real-world Data from administrative claims and medical records to inform safety and effectiveness of piperacillin-tazobactam in the Management of Pediatric Hospital Acquired Pneumonia.

Pediatric-specific safety data are required during development of pharmaceutical agents. Retrospective studies can leverage real-world data to assess safety and effectiveness in children where prospective, controlled studies are not feasible. A retrospective cohort study combined data from Pediatric Health Information Systems (PHIS) and medical records to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of piperacillin/tazobactam (P/T) in pediatric patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP).

Liver Disease as a Potential Risk Factor for Colorectal Cancer: A Community Hospital Experience.

Background: Liver disease (LD) is a common pathology worldwide. Many patients remain asymptomatic and undiagnosed. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent neoplasm and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally.

Unmasking disparities: the challenge of diversity, equity, and inclusion in Press Ganey surveys.

Data on minority group physicians from diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds is sparse and not reported by PG metrics at the national level. While PG metrics typically concentrate on the individual, patterns and trends are clearly discernible at the group level and comparison of groups to capture patterns may yield results hitherto unknown. One could even envisage using AI to capture any trends, differences, and comparative figures to build databases for the future.

Bivalent Prefusion F Vaccine in Pregnancy to Prevent RSV Illness in Infants.

Background: Whether vaccination during pregnancy could reduce the burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated lower respiratory tract illness in newborns and infants is uncertain.

Methods: In this phase 3, double-blind trial conducted in 18 countries, we randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, pregnant women at 24 through 36 weeks' gestation to receive a single intramuscular injection of 120 μg of a bivalent RSV prefusion F protein-based (RSVpreF) vaccine or placebo. The two primary efficacy end points were medically attended severe RSV-associated lower respiratory tract illness and medically attended RSV-associated lower respiratory tract illness in infants within 90, 120, 150, and 180 days after birth.

VAERS-reported new-onset seizures following use of COVID-19 vaccinations as compared to influenza vaccinations.

The incidence of new-onset seizures, which we defined as de novo seizures occurring within 4 weeks of receiving any of the US Food and Drug Administration-approved COVID-19 vaccinations as reported in patient-reported data compiled in the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System Data (CDC VAERS), has not been explored. The VAERS database contains de-identified patient-reported adverse events following vaccination and represents post-marketing surveillance and analysis of vaccine safety. After adjusting for time at risk, this resulted in estimated incidence rates of 3.

Ileal Perforation and Enteric Fever: Implications for Burden of Disease Estimation.

Background: Ileal perforation occurs in about 1% of enteric fevers as a complication, with a case fatality risk (CFR) of 20%-30% in the early 1990s that decreased to 15.4% in 2011 in South East Asia. We report nontraumatic ileal perforations and its associated CFR from a 2-year prospective enteric fever surveillance across India.

Updated Guidance on Use and Prioritization of Monoclonal Antibody Therapy for Treatment of COVID-19 in Adolescents.

Background: Starting in November 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs) for multiple novel virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibody therapies, including bamlanivimab monotherapy (now revoked), bamlanivimab and etesivimab, casirivimab and imdevimab (REGEN-COV), and sotrovimab, for treatment or postexposure prophylaxis of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adolescents (≥12 years of age) and adults with certain high-risk conditions. Previous guidance is now updated based on new evidence and clinical experience.

Methods: A panel of experts in pediatric infectious diseases, pediatric infectious diseases pharmacotherapy, and pediatric critical care medicine from 18 geographically diverse US institutions was convened.

Are There Bad ICU Rooms? Temporal Relationship between Patient and ICU Room Microbiome, and Influence on Vancomycin-Resistant Colonization.

The gut microbiome of an individual can shape the local environmental surface microbiome. We sought to determine how the intensive care unit (ICU) patient gut microbiome shapes the ICU room surface microbiome, focusing on vancomycin-resistant (VRE), a common ICU pathogen. This was an ICU-based prospective cohort study.

Central Venous Catheter Salvage in Ambulatory Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections.

Background: Guidelines for treatment of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) recommend removing central venous catheters (CVCs) in many cases. Clinicians must balance these recommendations with the difficulty of obtaining alternate access and subjecting patients to additional procedures. In this study, we evaluated CVC salvage in pediatric patients with ambulatory CLABSI and associated risk factors for treatment failure.

Severe respiratory viral infections in children with history of asymptomatic or mild COVID-19.

Importance: The spectrum of complications of COVID-19 in children, including the effect of COVID-19 on later viral infection, is not known.

Objective: To examine the features of children hospitalized for respiratory illness with history of prior COVID-19.

Design: Retrospective observational case series at a single pediatric quaternary medical center in New York City.

The Epidemiology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in New York City during the Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic Compared with Previous Years.

Fewer respiratory syncytial virus infections were observed in 2020-2021 with interseasonal resurgence. Children were more likely to have severe disease with less known risk factors in comparison with controls from 2018-2019. The overall codetection rates were similar, but with higher parainfluenza, rhinovirus/enterovirus, and lower influenza proportions compared with previous seasons.

Household level SARS-CoV-2 sero-epidemiology in a high prevalence group of adults and children-implications for community infection control.

In 108 households (n = 474, 280 ≤ 18 years old), SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was significantly associated with age (range 37.5%-78.7%) and lowest in children ≤ 10 years old.

Pediatric surgical site infection (SSI) following ambulatory surgery: Incidence, risk factors and patient outcomes.

Background: Inpatient surgical site infections (SSIs) cause morbidity in children. The SSI rate among pediatric ambulatory surgery patients is less clear. To fill this gap, we conducted a multiple-institution, retrospective epidemiologic study to identify incidence, risk factors, and outcomes.

Longitudinal Outcomes for Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children.

Background: In spring 2020, a novel hyperinflammatory process associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) was described. The long-term impact remains unknown. We report longitudinal outcomes from a New York interdisciplinary follow-up program.

Congenital Measles in a Premature 25-week Gestation Infant.

We describe a premature infant with congenital measles. Laboratory testing confirmed measles in the mother (polymerase chain reaction- and IgM-positive) and congenital measles in the infant (polymerase chain reaction-positive, culture-positive and IgM-positive). The infant never developed a rash, pneumonia, or neurologic complications.

Spa Typing of Staphylococcus aureus in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit During Routine Surveillance.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus protein A (spa) typing can be used to expand characterization of the epidemiology of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in neonatal intensive care units (NICU).

Predicting healthcare-associated infections, length of stay, and mortality with the nursing intensity of care index.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were (1) to develop and validate a simulation model to estimate daily probabilities of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), length of stay (LOS), and mortality using time varying patient- and unit-level factors including staffing adequacy and (2) to examine whether HAI incidence varies with staffing adequacy.

Setting: The study was conducted at 2 tertiary- and quaternary-care hospitals, a pediatric acute care hospital, and a community hospital within a single New York City healthcare network.

Patients: All patients discharged from 2012 through 2016 (N = 562,435).

Pivotal clinical trial enrollment of Blacks in multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis spectrum disorder: when will we achieve parity?

Patient enrollment in people of color among pivotal trials for multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis spectrum disorder (NMOSD) continues to be dismal. It is disappointing that no clinical trial sponsored by a pharmaceutical industry or otherwise, investigating any of the disease-modifying drugs, has tackled this glaring inequity head on. The disease characteristics and phenotype of MS or NMOSD among Blacks and Hispanics are typically aggressive and for this reason alone, if not for any other metric, there needs to a radical shift in allotment of funds devoted to promoting drug research in minority populations.

Initial Guidance on Use of Monoclonal Antibody Therapy for Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children and Adolescents.

Background: In November 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) provided Emergency Use Authorizations (EUA) for 2 novel virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibody therapies, bamlanivimab and REGN-COV2 (casirivimab plus imdevimab), for the treatment of mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adolescents and adults in specified high-risk groups. This has challenged clinicians to determine the best approach to use of these products.

Methods: A panel of experts in pediatric infectious diseases, pediatric infectious diseases pharmacy, pediatric intensive care medicine, and pediatric hematology from 29 geographically diverse North American institutions was convened.