Silent recognition of flagellins from human gut commensal bacteria by Toll-like receptor 5.

Flagellin, the protein subunit of the bacterial flagellum, stimulates the innate immune receptor Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) after pattern recognition or evades TLR5 through lack of recognition. This binary response fails to explain the weak agonism of flagellins from commensal bacteria, raising the question of how TLR5 response is tuned. Here, we screened abundant flagellins present in metagenomes from human gut for both TLR5 recognition and activation and uncovered a class of flagellin-TLR5 interaction termed silent recognition.

Free-Living, Psychrotrophic Bacteria of the Genus Are Descendants of Pathobionts.

Host-adapted microorganisms are generally assumed to have evolved from free-living, environmental microorganisms, as examples of the reverse process are rare. In the phylum , family , the genus includes strains from a broad ecological distribution including animal bodies as well as sea ice and other nonhost environments. To elucidate the relationship between these ecological niches and 's evolutionary history, we performed tandem genomic analyses with phenotyping of 85 accessions.

Vertical sleeve gastrectomy reduces blood pressure and hypothalamic endoplasmic reticulum stress in mice.

Bariatric surgery, such as vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), causes remarkable improvements in cardiometabolic health, including hypertension remission. However, the mechanisms responsible remain undefined and poorly studied. Therefore, we developed and validated the first murine model of VSG that recapitulates the blood pressure-lowering effect of VSG using gold-standard radiotelemetry technology.

TGR5 contributes to glucoregulatory improvements after vertical sleeve gastrectomy in mice.

Objective: Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) produces high rates of type 2 diabetes remission; however, the mechanisms responsible remain incompletely defined. VSG increases circulating bile acid concentrations and bile acid signalling through TGR5 improves glucose homeostasis. Therefore, we investigated the role of TGR5 signalling in mediating the glucoregulatory benefits of VSG.