Insulin Sensitivity, Islet Cell Function, and Incretin Axis in Pregnant Women With and Without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare insulin sensitivity, islet cell function, and incretin axes in pregnant subjects with GDM and normal healthy controls.

Methods: Pregnant women at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation were subjected to a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Samples for glucose, insulin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) were collected at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min during the OGTT.

The Optimal Initial Dose and Route of Naloxone Administration for Successful Opioid Reversal: A Systematic Literature Review.

This systematic literature review aims to determine the optimal initial dose of naloxone for successful opioid overdose reversal across different administration routes. Types of participants included adults who have opioid overdoses and adults who are suspected to have opioid overdoses. Pregnant women, children, animals, and populations outside the US were excluded.

Effect of individual nutrition education on perceptions of nutritional iron supplementation, adherence to iron - folic acid intake and Hb levels among a cohort of anemic South Indian pregnant women.

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of individual nutrition education on nutritional knowledge, attitude, practices, adherence to iron-folic acid intake, and hemoglobin levels among anemic South Indian pregnant women.

Methods: This intervention study was conducted from December 2020 to March 2021 in a secondary care level women and child hospital at Puducherry, India. The intervention group ( = 59) and comparison group ( = 58) included mild to moderately anemic pregnant women attending antenatal clinics (Mild anemia - Hb levels between 10.

Global DNA hypomethylation and the expression profile of DNA methyltransferase genes in late-onset neonatal sepsis.

Infectious organisms tend to cause DNA methylation changes. Thus, this paper aims to study global DNA methylation and the expression of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) genes in late-onset neonatal sepsis (LONS). Global and Alu DNA methylation and expression levels of DNMT were performed using 5mc ELISA, methylation-specific PCR and quantitative real-time-PCR, respectively for LONS and controls.

A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial Evaluating the Efficacy of Oral Cholecalciferol in Improving Renal and Vascular Functions in Vitamin D-Deficient Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of cholecalciferol in improving renal and vascular functions in vitamin D-deficient patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) along with chronic kidney disease (CKD). One hundred patients (18 - 65 years), having T2DM along with CKD (stage IIIA and IIIB) and hypovitaminosis D were randomized (1:1) to receive either oral cholecalciferol 60,000 IU (Group A) or placebo (Group B) weekly for 8 weeks along with standard background treatment. They were followed up for another 24 weeks.

Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Bland-White-Garland Syndrome in an Asymptomatic Adult.

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare congenital defect and usually diagnosed within the first 2 months of life. Only 10% of patients survive to adulthood largely in part to the formation of extensive collaterals from the right to left coronary arteries. We present a case of ALCAPA diagnosed in an asymptomatic adult through a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE).

Role of Urinary Beta 2 Microglobulin and Kidney Injury Molecule-1 in Predicting Kidney Function at One Year Following Acute Kidney Injury.

Background: There is only limited information on the utility of urinary biomarkers in predicting long-term kidney function following acute kidney injury (AKI). The current study assessed whether urinary beta 2 microglobulin/creatinine (B2M/creat) and kidney injury molecule-1/creatinine (KIM-1/creat) ratios, measured in the early recovery phase of AKI, are predictive of kidney function at one year.

Methods: This is a prospective study done in a tertiary care centre in South India, from March 2017 to December 2018.

Erratum: Prognosis and long-term outcomes of acute kidney injury due to snake envenomation.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfz055.][This corrects the article DOI: 10.

Association of Oxidative Stress with Disease Activity and Damage in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Cross Sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Centre in Southern India.

To study oxidative stress in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by estimating serum oxidised LDL (OxLDL), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total anti-oxidant status and to correlate with SLE disease activity and disease damage. Eighty SLE patients satisfying the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology (SLICC/ACR) 2012 criteria and 80 healthy controls were studied. Exclusion criteria were infections, renal insufficiency, other connective tissue diseases, drug-induced lupus, smoking, alcohol consumption.

Systemic inflammation and symptomatology in patients with prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy: Preliminary findings.

Background: Increases in fatigue, depressive symptomatology, and cognitive impairment are common after the initiation of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer. To date, no studies have examined the potential role of inflammation in the development of these symptoms in ADT recipients. The goal of the current study was to examine circulating markers of inflammation as potential mediators of change in fatigue, depressive symptomatology, and cognitive impairment related to the receipt of ADT.

Prognosis and long-term outcomes of acute kidney injury due to snake envenomation.

Background: Snakebite is a common occupational hazard in tropical countries. To date, the literature on snakebite-related acute kidney injury (AKI) has been limited by retrospective study designs, lack of uniformity in case definitions of AKI and limited follow-up. This study aims to identify the in-hospital outcomes and long-term changes in kidney function that follow haemotoxic envenomation.

Short-term Changes in Urine Beta 2 Microglobulin Following Recovery of Acute Kidney Injury Resulting From Snake Envenomation.

Introduction: Urine β2 microglobulin (β2m) is a validated marker to diagnose sepsis and toxin-related acute kidney injury (AKI). In the current study, we used urine β2m as a potential marker to identify persistent tubular dysfunction following a clinical recovery from snake venom-related AKI.

Methods: A total of 42 patients who developed AKI following hemotoxic envenomation were followed up for a period of 6 months.

Pathogen-specific leptospiral proteins in urine of patients with febrile illness aids in differential diagnosis of leptospirosis from dengue.

Leptospirosis and dengue are two commonly seen infectious diseases of the tropics. Differential diagnosis of leptospirosis from dengue fever is often difficult due to overlapping clinical symptoms and lack of economically viable and easy-to-perform laboratory tests. The gold standard for diagnosis is the microscopic agglutination test (MAT).

Effect of androgen deprivation therapy on sexual function and bother in men with prostate cancer: A controlled comparison.

Objectives: The adverse sexual effects of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) on men with prostate cancer have been well described. Less well known is the relative degree of sexual dysfunction and bother associated with ADT compared to other primary treatment modalities such as radical prostatectomy. We sought to describe the trajectory and relative magnitude of changes in sexual function and bother in men on ADT and to examine demographic and clinical predictors of ADT's adverse sexual effects.

Oxidative stress in preeclamptic mother - newborn dyads and its correlation with early neonatal outcome - a case control study.

Background: Preeclamptic mothers are likely to have increased oxidative stress during pregnancy which can adversely affect the outcome in their neonates.

Objectives: To measure the oxidative stress in preeclamptic mother- newborn dyads and correlate it with the immediate neonatal outcome.

Methods: This case control study conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital, South India included 71 preeclamptic mothers - newborn dyads (cases) and 72 normal mothers - newborn dyads (controls).

Characteristics and predictors of fatigue among men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: a controlled comparison.

Purpose: Although fatigue is a common problem for men with prostate cancer undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), there has been little systematic research on this issue. The present study examined changes in fatigue among prostate cancer patients receiving ADT compared to controls and predictors of heightened fatigue in ADT patients.

Methods: Prostate cancer patients treated with ADT (ADT+ group, n = 60) completed assessments of fatigue prior to or just after ADT initiation (baseline) and 6 and 12 months later.

Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the PROMIS Cancer Fatigue Short Form with cancer patients.

Objective: Fatigue is common among cancer patients and adversely impacts quality of life. As such, it is important to measure fatigue accurately in a way that is not burdensome to patients. The 7-item Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Cancer Fatigue Short Form scale was recently developed using item response theory (IRT).

Curcumin prevents inflammatory response, oxidative stress and insulin resistance in high fructose fed male Wistar rats: Potential role of serine kinases.

Emerging evidence suggests that high fructose consumption may be a potentially important factor responsible for the rising incidence of insulin resistance and diabetes worldwide. The present study investigated the preventive effect of curcumin on inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance in high fructose fed male Wistar rats at the molecular level. Fructose feeding for 10 weeks caused oxidative stress, inflammation and insulin resistance.

Changes in physical functioning and muscle strength in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: a controlled comparison.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to examine changes in muscle strength and self-reported physical functioning in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer compared to matched controls.

Methods: Prostate cancer patients scheduled to begin ADT (n = 62) were assessed within 20 days of starting ADT and 6 and 12 months later. Age and geographically matched prostate cancer controls treated with prostatectomy only (n = 86) were assessed at similar time intervals.

Decreased Bone Mineral Density at the Femoral Neck and Lumbar Spine in South Indian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: With prevalence of diabetes in India reaching epidemic proportions and increase in the population of geriatric age group and risks of falls, it is important to understand the effect that diabetes has on bone health.

Aim: The objective was to assess bone mineral density (BMD) of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to study factors contributing to BMD in patients with T2DM.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study on 150 patients with T2DM (diagnosed at age > 30 years) and an equal number (n=150) of age and sex matched healthy controls from September 2012 to July 2014 at a tertiary care center located in Southern India.

Case report: A novel apolipoprotein A-I missense mutation apoA-I (Arg149Ser)Boston associated with decreased lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activation and cellular cholesterol efflux.

We report a novel heterozygous apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) missense mutation (c.517C>A, p.Arg149Ser, designated as apoA-IBoston) in a 67-year-old woman and her 2 sons, who had mean serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, apoA-I, and apoA-I in very large α-1 HDL that were 10%, 35%, and 16% of normal, respectively (all P < .

Amelioration of oxidative stress and insulin resistance by soy isoflavones (from Glycine max) in ovariectomized Wistar rats fed with high fat diet: the molecular mechanisms.

Estrogen deficiency after menopause accelerates the redox imbalance and insulin signaling, leading to oxidative stress (OS) and insulin resistance (IR). The molecular mechanisms by which the loss of ovarian hormone leads to OS and IR remain unclear. In the present study we found that rats when subjected to ovariectomy (OVX) resulted in reduction of whole blood antioxidants and elevation of oxidant markers.

Role of p73 Dinucleotide Polymorphism in Prostate Cancer and p73 Protein Isoform Balance.

Background. Molecular markers for prostate cancer (PCa) risks are currently lacking. Here we address the potential association of a dinucleotide polymorphism (DNP) in exon 2 of the p73 gene with PCa risk/progression and discern any disruption of p73 protein isoforms levels in cells harboring a p73 DNP allele.

Depressive symptomatology in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: a controlled comparison.

Objective: Prostate cancer patients who receive androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) often experience many physical and psychological side effects. ADT may be associated with increased risk for depression, but the relationship between ADT and depression is not fully understood. This study used a longitudinal design to assess depressive symptomatology in patients receiving ADT compared with two groups of matched controls.