Combined Decompressive Hemicraniectomy and Port-Based Minimally Invasive Parafascicular Surgery for the Treatment of Subcortical Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Case Series, Technical Note, and Review of Literature.

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a neurosurgical emergency. Combined decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC) and minimally invasive parafascicular surgery (MIPS) may provide a practical method of managing subcortical ICH.

Objective: 1) To present a case series of combined DHC-MIPS for the treatment of subcortical-based ICH; 2) to describe technical nuances of DHC-MIPS; and 3) to provide a literature overview of MIPS for ICH.

Enhanced recovery principles applied to revision hip and knee arthroplasty leads to better patient outcomes.

Aims: There is very little published literature on Enhanced Recovery Principles (ERP) used in primary joint replacements applied to revision hip and knee arthroplasty (rTHA, rTKA).

Methods: Retrospective series of 268 rTHA and rTKA surgeries from 2010 -2018, treated with ERP, focusing on multimodal pain management, blood management and early functional recovery.

Results: No patients from the latest cohort required readmission within 6 weeks.

Intra-articular horizontal dislocation of the patella: a rare injury and review of the literature.

Acute traumatic intra-articular dislocation of the patella is not a common presentation in orthopaedic practice; less frequently observed than extra-articular dislocation of the patella. In some of these cases, closed reduction is not possible and an open reduction in the operating theatre must be performed. In this case report, we present an elderly patient with an intra-articular horizontal dislocation of the patella without any other bony or ligamentous lesions seen in a postreduction MRI.

PC-PLC/sphingomyelin synthase activity plays a central role in the development of myogenic tone in murine resistance arteries.

Myogenic tone is an intrinsic property of the vasculature that contributes to blood pressure control and tissue perfusion. Earlier investigations assigned a key role in myogenic tone to phospholipase C (PLC) and its products, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). Here, we used the PLC inhibitor, U-73122, and two other, specific inhibitors of PLC subtypes (PI-PLC and PC-PLC) to delineate the role of PLC in myogenic tone of pressurized murine mesenteric arteries.

High vascular tone of mouse femoral arteries in vivo is determined by sympathetic nerve activity via α1A- and α1D-adrenoceptor subtypes.

Background And Purpose: Determining the role of vascular receptors in vivo is difficult and not readily accomplished by systemic application of antagonists or genetic manipulations. Here we used intravital microscopy to measure the contributions of sympathetic receptors, particularly α1-adrenoceptor subtypes, to contractile activation of femoral artery in vivo.

Experimental Approach: Diameter and intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)]i) in femoral arteries were determined by intravital fluorescence microscopy in mice expressing a Myosin Light Chain Kinase (MLCK) based calcium-calmodulin biosensor.

Vascular tone and Ca(2+) signaling in murine cremaster muscle arterioles in vivo.

Objectives: We sought to determine some of the molecular requirements for basal state "tone" of skeletal muscle arterioles in vivo, and whether asynchronous Ca(2+) waves are involved or not.

Methods: Cremaster muscles of anesthetized exMLCK and smGCaMP2 biosensor mice were exteriorized, and the fluorescent arterioles were visualized with wide-field, confocal or multiphoton microscopy to observe Ca(2+) signaling and arteriolar diameter.

Results: Basal state tone of the arterioles was ~50%.

Effects of siRNA knock-down of TRPC6 and InsP(3)R1 in vasopressin-induced Ca(2+) oscillations of A7r5 vascular smooth muscle cells.

We used post-transcriptional gene silencing (with small interfering RNA) to examine specifically the roles of Type 1 inositol tris-phosphate receptors (InsP(3)R1) and transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) in Ca(2+) oscillations induced by arginine vasopressin (AVP), a typical G-protein coupled receptor agonist. Ca(2+) oscillations were observed in individual A7r5 cells with confocal imaging of fluo-4 fluorescence, and SR-releasable Ca(2+) was assessed by exposure to cyclopiazonic acid (CPA). In control cells, both AVP (100 nM) and a direct activator of TRPC6 (OAG, l-oleoyl-2-acetyl-glycerol, 100 microM) caused Ca(2+) oscillations in the majority of cells (e.

A technique for simultaneous measurement of Ca2+, FRET fluorescence and force in intact mouse small arteries.

FRET (Forster resonance energy transfer)-based biosensor molecules are powerful tools to reveal specific molecular interactions in cells. Typically however, they are used in cultured cells that (inevitably) express different genes than their counterparts in intact organisms. In such cells it may be impossible to administer physiological stimuli and measure physiological outputs.

Ca2+ signaling in mouse mesenteric small arteries: myogenic tone and adrenergic vasoconstriction.

Arteries that have developed myogenic tone (MT) are in a markedly different physiological state compared with those that have not, with higher cytosolic [Ca(2+)] and altered activity of several signal transduction pathways. In this study, we sought to determine whether alpha(1)-adrenoceptor-induced Ca(2+) signaling is different in pressurized arteries that have spontaneously developed MT (the presumptive physiological state) compared with those that have not (a common experimental state). At 32 degrees C and intraluminal pressure of 70 mmHg, cytoplasmic [Ca(2+)] was steady in most smooth muscle cells (SMCs).

Sympathetically evoked Ca2+ signaling in arterial smooth muscle.

The sympathetic nervous system plays an essential role in the control of total peripheral vascular resistance and blood flow, by controlling the contraction of small arteries. Perivascular sympathetic nerves release ATP, norepinephrine (NE) and neuropeptide Y. This review summarizes our knowledge of the intracellular Ca2+ signals that are activated by ATP and NE, acting respectively on P2X1 and alpha1-adrenoceptors in arterial smooth muscle.

Evidence for involvement of alpha1D-adrenoceptors in contraction of femoral resistance arteries using knockout mice.

The role of alpha(1D)-adrenoceptors in vasoconstrictor responses to noradrenaline in mouse femoral resistance arteries was investigated using wire myography in alpha(1D)-adrenoceptor knockout (alpha(1D)-KO) and wild-type (WT) mice of the same genetic background.alpha(1D)-KO mice were 2.5-fold less sensitive than WTs to exogenous noradrenaline and BMY 7378 was significantly less potent against noradrenaline in alpha(1D)-KO mice than in WTs, showing a minor contribution of alpha(1D)-adrenoceptors in response to noradrenaline.

Pharmacological characterization of alpha1-adrenoceptors in mouse isolated femoral small arteries.

Arteries were isolated from male DBA/2 mice and mounted on a small vessel wire myograph for isometric recording. Responses to exogenous noradrenaline were inhibited with high affinity by prazosin (pKB, 9.3) and 5-methyl-urapidil (pKB, 9.

Alpha1-adrenoceptor subtypes involved in vasoconstrictor responses to exogenous and neurally released noradrenaline in rat femoral resistance arteries.

1. The alpha(1)-adrenoceptor subtypes involved in responses to exogenous and neurally released noradrenaline in rat femoral resistance arteries were characterised using a small vessel myograph, with antagonists prazosin (nonsubtype selective), 5-methyl-urapidil (alpha(1A)-selective), BMY 7378 (alpha(1D)-selective) and the alkylating agent chloroethylclonidine (preferential for alpha(1B)-). 2.