Obesity and exercise training alter inflammatory pathway skeletal muscle small extracellular vesicle microRNAs.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? Is 1 week of exercise training sufficient to reduce local and systemic inflammation? Do obesity and short-term concurrent aerobic and resistance exercise training alter skeletal muscle extracellular vesicle (EV) contents? What is the main finding and its importance? Obesity alters skeletal muscle small EV microRNAs targeting inflammatory and growth pathways. Exercise training alters skeletal muscle small EV microRNAs targeting inflammatory pathways, indicative of reduced inflammation. Our findings provide support for the hypotheses that EVs play a vital role in intercellular communication during health and disease and that EVs mediate many of the beneficial effects of exercise.