[Magnetic resonance imaging and PET/CT with 11C-methionine for primary central nervous system vasculitis].

Unlabelled: Primary central nervous system vasculitis is still a challenge due to rarity of disease, unspecific clinical and neurological presentation, as well as low specificity of MRI and laboratory tests.

Objective: To present the potential of hybrid neuroimaging in diagnosis of primary central nervous system vasculitis.

Material And Methods: The results of MRI, PET/CT with 11C-methionine, histological and immunochemical data in a 23-year-old patient with first-time epileptic seizure are demonstrated.

Characterization of Structural Properties and Antimicrobial Activity of the C3f Peptide of Complement System.

The C3f peptide is a by-product of regulation of the activated complement system with no firmly established function of its own. We have previously shown that C3f exhibits moderate antimicrobial activity against some Gram-positive bacteria . Presence of two histidine residues in the amino acid sequence of the peptide suggests enhancement of its antimicrobial activity at lower pH and in the presence of metal cations, particularly zinc cations.

Spontaneous formation of different forms of alpha-synuclein fibrils from a recombinant protein.

Alpha-synuclein is a protein, the conformational changes of which lead to the development of such socially significant diseases as Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The methods for differential diagnostics of these diseases based on the use of alpha-synuclein in a non-native conformation obtained from patients as a seed for inducing fibrillogenesis and studying the morphology of the resulting amyloid-like fibrils were described in a number of studies. The authors associate such properties of the seed with the presence of post-translational modifications in the protein obtained from patients.

mRNA encoding antibodies against hemagglutinin and nucleoprotein prevents influenza virus infection in vitro.

The emergence of new influenza virus strains presents a continuous challenge for global public health. mRNA technology offers a promising platform for rapidly developing therapeutics, particularly monoclonal antibodies, that can protect against viral infections. In this study, we engineered mRNA constructs encoding two types of antibodies: secreted antibodies specific to the hemagglutinin of the influenza A virus, based on previously characterized Fi6 antibodies, and intracellular Fab fragments targeting the nucleoprotein of the influenza B virus, derived from the 2/3 antibodies.

[Patients with long-term survival in malignant gliomas after photodynamic therapy].

Objective: Analysis of long-lived patients from the group of patients with glioblastomas after using photodynamic therapy in the structure of their complex treatment in order to assess the influence of various factors on their life expectancy.

Material And Methods: In total, a single-center, retrospective categorical study analyzed the long-term results of treatment of 63 patients with glioblastoma in the structure of complex treatment including photodynamic therapy. Clinical factors (age, sex, number of cases, preoperative Karnofsky index, location and size of the tumor, radicality of the operation), histological (nuclear polymorphism, mitosis, vascular proliferation, necrosis), immunohistochemical (Ki-67, p53 index) molecular-genetic factors (expression of ), amount of radiation and chemotherapy were analyzed.

Advancements and Future Prospects in Molecular Targeted and siRNA Therapies for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is an oncological myeloproliferative disorder that accounts for 15 to 20% of all adult leukemia cases. The molecular basis of this disease lies in the formation of a chimeric oncogene BCR-ABL1. The protein product of this gene, p210 BCR-ABL1, exhibits abnormally high constitutive tyrosine kinase activity.

The archaeal highly thermostable GH35 family β-galactosidase DaβGal has a unique seven domain protein fold.

The most extensively studied β-d-galactosidases (EC3.2.1.

The investigation of the dynamics of changes in neutralizing antibody titers against type 5 adenovirus in the context of vaccination against a new coronavirus infection.

This research focuses on analyzing the dynamics of neutralizing antibody (nAbs) titers against type 5 adenovirus (Ad5) in the adult population of Russia following vaccination against the novel coronavirus infection with recombinant adenovirus type-5 COVID-19 vaccine (CanSino Biologics, China). The impact of the Ad5 vector on nAb titers was investigated using 302 blood serum samples from individuals who received a single dose of the Ad5-nCoV vector vaccine. The research revealed that 33.

Maternal Influenza and Offspring Neurodevelopment.

This review examines the complex interactions between maternal influenza infection, the immune system, and the neurodevelopment of the offspring. It highlights the importance of high-quality studies to clarify the association between maternal exposure to the virus and neuropsychiatric disorders in the offspring. Additionally, it emphasizes that the development of accurate animal models is vital for studying the impact of infectious diseases during pregnancy and identifying potential therapeutic targets.

Immunotherapy with autologous dendritic cells in the complex treatment of malignant gliomas - results.

Annotation: Malignant gliomas are the most common primary brain tumor. Despite the variety of modern treatments, it is still a fatal disease with an extremely poor prognosis. The use of immunotherapy as a technique for the treatment of malignant tumors has great promise, retraining and exploiting the patient's immune response against tumors.

How the immune mousetrap works: Structural evidence for the immunomodulatory action of a peptide from influenza NS1 protein.

One of the critical stages of the T-cell immune response is the dimerization of the intramembrane domains of T-cell receptors (TCR). Structural similarities between the immunosuppressive domains of viral proteins and the transmembrane domains of TCR have led several authors to hypothesize the mechanism of immune response suppression by highly pathogenic viruses: viral proteins embed themselves in the membrane and act on the intramembrane domain of the TCRalpha subunit, hindering its functional oligomerization. It has also been suggested that this mechanism is used by influenza A virus in NS1-mediated immunosuppression.

Cell-penetrating peptide and cationic liposomes mediated siRNA delivery to arrest growth of chronic myeloid leukemia cells in vitro.

Gene silencing through RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising therapeutic approach for a wide range of disorders, including cancer. Non-viral gene therapy, using specific siRNAs against BCR-ABL1, can be a supportive or alternative measure to traditional chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKIs) therapies, given the prevalence of clinical TKI resistance. The main challenge for such approaches remains the development of the effective delivery system for siRNA tailored to the specific disease model.

Expression of Cytoskeletal Proteins (GFAP, Vimentin), Proapoptotic Protein (Caspase-3) and Protective Protein (S100) in the Epileptic Focus in Adults and Children with Drug-Resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Associated with Focal Cortical Dysplasia.

The European Commission of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) has identified glial mechanisms of seizures and epileptogenesis as top research priorities. The aim of our study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the expression levels of cytoskeletal proteins (glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin), protective protein S100, and proapoptotic caspase-3 protein in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) associated with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). We aimed to investigate how the expression levels of these proteins depend on age (both in children and adults), gender, and disease duration, using immunohistochemistry.

Neuroinflammatory Dysfunction of the Blood-Brain Barrier and Basement Membrane Dysplasia Play a Role in the Development of Drug-Resistant Epilepsy.

Drug-resistance epilepsy (DRE) is a key problem in neurology. It is possible that damage to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) may affect resistance in DRE. The aim of this work was to assess the damage and dysfunction in the BBB in the area of epileptic foci in patients with DRE under conditions of neuroinflammation.

Matrix is everywhere: extracellular DNA is a link between biofilm and mineralization in Bacillus cereus planktonic lifestyle.

To date, the mechanisms of biomineralization induced by bacterial cells in the context of biofilm formation remain the subject of intensive studies. In this study, we analyzed the influence of the medium components on the induction of CaCO precipitation by the Bacillus cereus cells and composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) formed in the submerged culture. While the accumulation of extracellular polysaccharides and amyloids appeared to be independent of the presence of calcium and urea during the growth, the accumulation of extracellular DNA (eDNA), as well as precipitation of calcium carbonate, required the presence of both ingredients in the medium.

Intraoperative photodynamic therapy in complex treatment of malignant gliomas.

Unlabelled: Treatment of malignant gliomas is an extremely difficult objective associated with difficult choice of correct strategy. Photodynamic therapy is still not the treatment standard in these patients although this approach significantly improves treatment outcomes in surgery of gliomas.

Objective: To demonstrate the possibilities of chlorin e6-mediated photodynamic therapy for malignant glial tumors.

Influence of Lipid Composition of Cationic Liposomes 2X3-DOPE on mRNA Delivery into Eukaryotic Cells.

The design of cationic liposomes for efficient mRNA delivery can significantly improve mRNA-based therapies. Lipoplexes based on polycationic lipid 1,26-bis(cholest-5-en-3β-yloxycarbonylamino)-7,11,16,20-tetraazahexacosane tetrahydrochloride (2X3) and helper lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) were formulated in different molar ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:3) to efficiently deliver model mRNAs to BHK-21 and A549. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of 2X3-DOPE composition as well as lipid-to-mRNA ratio (amino-to-phosphate group ratio, N/P) on mRNA transfection.

Cytogenomic epileptology.

Molecular cytogenetic and cytogenomic studies have made a contribution to genetics of epilepsy. However, current genomic research of this devastative condition is generally focused on the molecular genetic aspects (i.e.

Exosomes Released by Influenza-Virus-Infected Cells Carry Factors Capable of Suppressing Immune Defense Genes in Naïve Cells.

Exosomes are involved in intercellular communication and can transfer regulatory molecules between cells. Consequently, they can participate in host immune response regulation. For the influenza A virus (IAV), there is very limited information on changes in exosome composition during cell infection shedding light on the potential role of these extracellular membrane vesicles.

Flagellin-Fused Protein Targeting M2e and HA2 Induces Innate and T-Cell Responses in Mice of Different Genetic Lines.

Efficient control of influenza A infection can potentially be achieved through the development of broad-spectrum vaccines. Recombinant proteins incorporating conserved influenza A virus peptides are one of the platforms for the development of cross-protective influenza vaccines. We constructed a recombinant protein Flg-HA2-2-4M2ehs, in which the extracellular domain of the M2 protein (M2e) and the sequence (aa76-130) of the second subunit of HA (HA2) were used as target antigens.

Inside and outside of virus-like particles HBc and HBc/4M2e: A comprehensive study of the structure.

Hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBc) with the insertion of four external domains of the influenza A M2 protein (HBc/4M2e) form virus-like particles whose structure was studied using a combination of molecular modeling and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). It was also shown that self-assembling of the particles occurs inside bacterial cells, but despite the big inner volume of the core shell particle, purified HBc/4M2e contain an insignificant amount of bacterial proteins. It was shown that a fragment of the M2e corresponding to 4M2e insertion is prone to formation of amyloid-like fibrils.

[Tumor progression of diffuse median glioma with H3 K27 alteration from pilocytic astrocytoma to glioblastoma].

In the latest revisions of the WHO Classification of CNS Tumors, carried out in 2016 and 2021, the traditional histogenetic classification of gliomas is rebuilt on a new molecular genetic basis, according to which diffuse midline glioma with alteration of histone H3 K27 is distinguished as a specific pediatric oncosyndrome. The rationale was the association of this feature of midline gliomas in children with a worse prognosis and the prospective possibilities of targeted therapy. A thematic review of the literature and our own observation of H3 K27M-positive glioma in the area of the right thalamus in a 6-year-old child, which initially had the appearance of pilocytic astrocytoma, recurred three times (within 1.

Molecular mimicry of the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: from the interaction of spike-specific antibodies with transferrin and lactoferrin to the antiviral effects of human recombinant lactoferrin.

The pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection involves dysregulations of iron metabolism, and although the mechanism of this pathology is not yet fully understood, correction of iron metabolism pathways seems a promising pharmacological target. The previously observed effect of inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection by ferristatin II, an inducer of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) degradation, prompted the study of competition between Spike protein and TfR1 ligands, especially lactoferrin (Lf) and transferrin (Tf). We hypothesized molecular mimicry of Spike protein as cross-reactivity of Spike-specific antibodies with Tf and Lf.

Relationship between Neuroglial Apoptosis and Neuroinflammation in the Epileptic Focus of the Brain and in the Blood of Patients with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy.

Neuroglial apoptosis and neuroinflammation play an important role in epileptogenesis. The aim of this study is to evaluate neuronal and glial apoptosis in association with neuroinflammation in brain epileptic focus and inflammatory changes in blood in patients with focal drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Pathological changes in the temporal lobe in epilepsy (histology, transmission electron microscopy), levels of apoptotic and neuroinflammatory proteins: active caspase-3 (immunohistochemistry), full-length form caspase-3, caspase-9, FAS, FAS-L, NF-kB, TNF-α, p53 (Western blot), and cytokine levels in blood: IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, TNF-α, etc.