Condom Failure Among HIV-Negative Men in Serodiscordant Relationships in Australia, Brazil, and Thailand.

Condoms continue to be used by many gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) to reduce the risk of HIV transmission. However this is impacted by condom failure events, defined here as condom breakage and slippage. In a prospective, observational cohort study of 343 HIV serodiscordant male couples recruited through high HIV caseload clinics and hospitals between 2012 and 2016 in Australia, Brazil, and Thailand, condom failure rates and associated factors were analysed, including with the study partner versus other sexual partners.

Social impacts experienced by women with HIV and infertility in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review.

Background: In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) prevalence among reproductive-aged women remains high, and infertility among these women is common. The social consequences for these women are yet to be explored. This scoping review summarises the social consequences of living with HIV and infertility for SSA women.

Antibiofilm Agents for the Treatment and Prevention of Bacterial Vaginosis: A Systematic Narrative Review.

Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is difficult to eradicate due to BV biofilms protecting BV bacteria (Gardnerella, Prevotella, and other genera). With the growing understanding of biofilms, we systematically reviewed the current knowledge on the efficacy of anti-BV biofilm agents.

Methods: We searched literature in the Scopus, Medline, and Embase databases for empirical studies investigating substances for the treatment of BV biofilms or prevention of their recurrence and their efficacy and/or safety.

Incorrect Knowledge of Event-Driven PrEP "2-1-1" Dosing Regimen Among PrEP-Experienced Gay and Bisexual Men in Australia.

Background: Event-driven pre-exposure prophylaxis (ED-PrEP), when taken according to the "2-1-1" dosing method, is highly effective at preventing HIV acquisition for gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM). Any missed doses when using ED-PrEP drastically reduce its effectiveness, so it is vital that people using this method know how to take it correctly. This study investigated Australian GBM's awareness of ED-PrEP and their knowledge of how to take it correctly.

What does PrEP mean for 'safe sex' norms? A qualitative study.

While HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective, it has arguably disrupted norms of 'safe sex' that for many years were synonymous with condom use. This qualitative study explored the culture of PrEP adoption and evolving concepts of 'safe sex' in Sydney, Australia, during a period of rapidly escalating access from 2015-2018, drawing on interviews with sexually active gay men (n = 31) and interviews and focus groups with key stakeholders (n = 10). Data were analysed thematically.

Preferences for Current and Future PrEP Modalities Among PrEP-Experienced Gay and Bisexual Men in Australia.

Alternatives to daily dosing of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) are continuing to emerge. From October 2019 to March 2020, we conducted an online survey of PrEP-experienced gay and bisexual men in Australia about interest in and preference for four different PrEP modalities: daily dosing, event-driven dosing, long-acting injectable (LAI)-PrEP and subdermal PrEP implants. Using data from 1477 participants, we measured interest and preference of different modalities using multivariate logistic regression.

High Levels of Prevention-Effective Adherence to HIV PrEP: An Analysis of Substudy Data From the EPIC-NSW Trial.

Background: Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) prevents HIV infection but relies on good adherence at times of risk, termed "prevention-effective adherence." Most studies assess adherence without reference to sexual behaviur, making it challenging to determine if poor adherence coincides with HIV risk.

Setting: We examined data from a behavioral substudy of a large-scale PrEP implementation trial in New South Wales, Australia.

Potential and demonstrated impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on sexually transmissible infections: Republication.

Purpose Of Review: This review considers the potential and demonstrated impacts of SARS-CoV-2 on the sexually transmissible infection (STI)/HIV transmission.

Recent Findings: COVID-19 increases the vulnerability of those at highest risk of acquiring STI/HIV. Altered health-seeking behaviour, reductions in STI/HIV clinic capacity, service disruptions and redeployment of human resources to assist COVID-19 control efforts have impacted on STI/HIV control programmes.

Potential and demonstrated impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on sexually transmissible infections.

Purpose Of Review: This review considers the potential and demonstrated impacts of SARS-CoV-2 on the sexually transmissible infection (STI)/HIV transmission.

Recent Findings: COVID-19 increases the vulnerability of those at highest risk of acquiring STI/HIV. Altered health-seeking behaviour, reductions in STI/HIV clinic capacity, service disruptions and redeployment of human resources to assist COVID-19 control efforts have impacted on STI/HIV control programmes.

Utilisation of hepatocellular carcinoma screening in Australians at risk of hepatitis B virus-related carcinoma and prescribed anti-viral therapy.

Aims And Objectives: To investigate hepatocellular carcinoma screening utilisation and factors associated with utilisation among patients prescribed hepatitis B virus anti-viral therapy and at risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma has increased in Australia over the past three decades with chronic hepatitis B virus infection a major contributor. hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance programs aim to detect cancers early enabling curative treatment options, longer survival and longer times to recurrence.

Prevalence and correlates of recent injecting drug use among gay and bisexual men in Australia: Results from the FLUX study.

Background: While illicit drug use is prevalent among gay and bisexual men (GBM) in Australia, little is known about the factors associated with injecting drug use among GBM.

Methods: The Following Lives Undergoing Change (FLUX) study is a national, online prospective observational cohort investigating drug use among Australian GBM. Eligible participants were men living in Australia who were aged 16.

Factors associated with non-adherence to HBV antiviral therapy.

Background: HBV antiviral therapy has the potential to reduce the burden of HBV-related liver disease by suppressing HBV DNA replication to undetectable levels, reducing the progression of liver fibrosis and reducing the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Treatment outcomes and long-term benefits require adherence to medication regimens. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and factors associated with non-adherence to antiviral therapy.

Adherence to Hepatitis B Antiviral Therapy: A Qualitative Study.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) antiviral therapies potentially suppress HBV viral load to an undetectable level reducing the risk of progressive liver disease and the development of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Adherence to antiviral therapies is imperative to achieve and maintain viral suppression. To date, there has been limited research on adherence to HBV therapies.

Barriers to access and uptake of antiretroviral therapy among HIV-positive men who have sex with men in Hanoi, Vietnam: from HIV testing to treatment.

Little is known about the experiences of Vietnamese men who have sex with men in accessing HIV testing and treatment. We aimed to explore barriers to access and uptake of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among HIV-positive men who have sex with men in Hanoi. During 2015, we conducted qualitative interviews with 35 participants recruited using snowball sampling based on previous research and social networks.

Factors associated with HBV virological breakthrough.

Background: Little is known about non-adherence to HBV therapy. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-reported missed days of antiviral therapy and HBV virological breakthrough and factors associated with virological breakthrough.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 211 HBV patients receiving oral antiviral therapies was undertaken at three tertiary hospitals in Sydney, Australia.