The next step of neurogenesis in the context of Alzheimer's disease.

Among different pathological mechanisms, neuronal loss and neurogenesis impairment in the hippocampus play important roles in cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is a progressive and complex neurodegenerative diseases, which is very debilitating. The purpose of this paper is to review recent research into neurogenesis and AD and discuss how pharmacological drugs and herbal active components have impacts on neurogenesis and consequently improve cognitive functions.

Bactericidal fully human single-chain fragment variable antibodies protect mice against methicillin-resistant bacteraemia.

Objectives: The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant , besides the inadequate numbers of effective antibiotics, emphasises the need to find new therapeutic agents against this lethal pathogen.

Methods: In this study, to obtain antibody fragments against , a human single-chain fragment variable (scFv) library was enriched against living methicillin-resistant (MRSA) cells, grown in three different conditions, that is human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with plasma, whole blood and biofilm. The antibacterial activity of scFvs was evaluated by the growth inhibition assay .

Analgesic Effect of Valerian Root and Turnip Extracts.

Background: Medicinal plants are considered as one of the important sources of chemical substances with therapeutic effects. This study aimed to compare the analgesic effects of alcoholic extract of valerian root and turnip in rats.

Methods: Fifty female Wistar rats weighing 190 g were divided into 5 equal groups of control (subcutaneous injection of 2.

Survival, proliferation, and migration of human meningioma stem-like cells in a nanopeptide scaffold.

Objectives: In order to grow cells in a three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment, self-assembling peptides, such as PuraMatrix, have emerged with potential to mimic the extracellular matrix. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of the self-assembling peptide on the morphology, survival, proliferation rate, migration potential, and differentiation of human meningioma stem-like cells (hMgSCs).

Materials And Methods: The efficacy of a novel method for placing hMgSCs in PuraMatrix (the injection approach) was compared to the encapsulation and surface plating methods.

Enhancement of Neural Stem Cell Survival, Proliferation, Migration, and Differentiation in a Novel Self-Assembly Peptide Nanofibber Scaffold.

Considerable efforts have been made to combine biologically active molecules into the self-assembling peptide in order to improve cells growth, survival, and differentiation. In this study, a novel three-dimensional scaffold (RADAGGSIKVAV; R-GSIK) was designed by adding glycine and serine between RADA4 and IKVAV to promote the strength of the peptide. The cell adhesion, viability, proliferation, migration, and differentiation of rat embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) in R-GSIK were investigated and compared to laminin-coated, two-dimensional, and Puramatrix cultures.

Third eyelid in the small Indian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus): a morphological and histological study.

The Indian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) is native to parts of Asia, Iran. The purpose of this study was to describe the gross anatomy of the cartilage and histology of the superficial gland of the third eyelid of two adult mongooses. The animals, in terminal stages of disease and near death due to aging or unknown reasons, were referred from Park Zoo (Shiraz, Iran) to our center.

Alterations of the ovarian histomorphometry at pre-puberty in rat offspring from diabetic mothers.

Purpose: Maternal diabetes leads to increased blood glucose concentration in the mother and consequently in the foetus, causing various neonatal problems. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of maternal diabetes on foetal ovarian structure.

Methods: Sixteen adult female rats were allocated into two equal groups.