Metatranscriptomic analysis indicates prebiotic effect of isomalto/malto-polysaccharides on human colonic microbiota in-vitro.

Isomalto/malto-polysaccharides (IMMPs) are a novel type of soluble dietary fibres with a prebiotic potential promoting growth of beneficial microbes in the gut. However, the mode of action of IMMPs remains unknown. Previous studies on IMMPs showed an increase in total bacteria, especially lactobacilli, and higher production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) when IMMPs were fed to rats or used during in vitro fermentation.

The influence of α-1,4-glucan substrates on 4,6-α-d-glucanotransferase reaction dynamics during isomalto/malto-polysaccharide synthesis.

Starch-based isomalto/malto-polysaccharides (IMMPs) are soluble dietary fibres produced by the incubation of α-(1 → 4) linked glucans with the 4,6-α-glucanotransferase (GTFB) enzyme. In this study, we investigated the reaction dynamics of the GTFB enzyme by using isoamylase debranched starches as simplified linear substrates. Modification of α-glucans by GTFB was investigated over time and analysed with H NMR, HPSEC, HPAEC combined with glucose release measurements.

Enzymatic fingerprinting of isomalto/malto-polysaccharides.

In this study, we present an enzymatic fingerprinting method for the characterization of isomalto/malto-polysaccharides (IMMPs). IMMPs are produced by the modification of starch with the 4,6-α-glucanotransferase (GTFB) enzyme and consist of α-(1→4), α-(1→6) and α-(1→4,6) linked glucoses. Enzymes were used separately, simultaneously or in successive order to specifically degrade and/or reveal IMMP substructures.

In Vitro Fermentation Behavior of Isomalto/Malto-Polysaccharides Using Human Fecal Inoculum Indicates Prebiotic Potential.

Scope: This study characterize intestinal fermentation of isomalto/malto-polysaccharides (IMMPs), by monitoring degradation of IMMPs, production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), lactic acid, and succinic acid as well as enzyme activity and microbiota composition.

Methods And Results: IMMP-94 (94% α-(1→6) glycosidic linkages), IMMP-96, IMMP-27, and IMMP-dig27 (IMMP-27 after removal of digestible starch segments) are fermented batchwise in vitro using human fecal inoculum. Fermentation digesta samples are taken for analysis in time up till 48 h.

Isomalto/malto-polysaccharide structure in relation to the structural properties of starch substrates.

Isomalto/malto-polysaccharides (IMMPs) are soluble dietary fibres produced by the enzymatic modification of starch with 4,6-α-glucanotransferase (GTFB). The structure, size, and linkage distribution of these IMMPs has remained largely unknown, since most structural information has been based on indirect measurements such as total α-(1→6) content, iodine staining and GTFB hydrolytic activity. This study provides a deeper understanding of IMMP structure in relation to its respective starch substrate, by combining preparative fractionation with linkage compositition analysis.

Modeling Human Control of Self-Motion Direction With Optic Flow and Vestibular Motion.

In this paper, we investigate the effects of visual and motion stimuli on the manual control of one's direction of self-motion. In a flight simulator, subjects conducted an active target-following disturbance-rejection task, using a compensatory display. Simulating a vehicular control task, the direction of vehicular motion was shown on the outside visual display in two ways: an explicit presentation using a symbol and an implicit presentation, namely, through the focus of radial outflow that emerges from optic flow.