Clofazimine enhances anti-glioma effect of immunotherapy.

Rationale: Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive human brain tumors. The prognosis is unfavorable and treatment effects are relatively low. However, temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy may prolong patients' survival.

Pulmonotoxic xenobiotics and methods of their determination in ambient air of nuclear power plant equipment.

Objective: Aim: To identify appropriate methods for determining the content of radioactive and non-radioactive pulmotoxic xenobiotics in the ambient air of NPP equipment to ensure its reliability, radiation and environmental safety, as well as to reduce the risks of occupational pathologies for workers and protect people's health.

Patients And Methods: Materials and Methods: Analytical methods of analysis of modern methods of determining the content of radioactive and non-radioactive pulmonary toxic xenobiotics in the ambient air of NPP equipment.

Conclusion: Conclusions: a) during operation of NPP equipment, pulmotoxic xenobiotics enter the surrounding air, which can then enter the human respiratory system in the form of radioactive or non-radioactive substances; b) signif i cant methods of determining the content of pulmotoxic xenobiotics in the air are: gas chroma-tography; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; liquid scintillation; photometric, ionometric, polarographic, titrometric, turbidimetric, atomic absorption, radiometric and γ-spectrometric measurements; c) radioactive pulmonotoxic xenobiotics cause radiation pathologies in the respiratory organs as a result of internal radioactive irradiation of the body; d) the effects of non-radioactive pulmotoxic xenobiotics are accompanied by irritation and inf l ammatory processes in the respiratory organs, as well as toxic swelling of the lungs; е) there is a connection between the presence of pulmotoxic xenobiotics in the air and the course of human respiratory diseases as a result of breathing such air.

Correlations and Variations Between the Major Biochemical Parameters of the Blood of Hybrid Swine.

In modern animal husbandry, increasing attention is given to mathematical modeling and statistical methods, especially for evaluating commercial hybrids. Our aim was to evaluate the phenotypic and genetic variability of biochemical parameters of blood serum of the 56 hybrid boars (Large White × Landrace × Duroc) raised in feeding stations (Russia) through mathematical modeling. The particular variances and covariances of traits were calculated using the limited maximum likelihood model and the REMLF90 programs.

Valproic Acid and Celecoxib Enhance the Effect of Temozolomide on Glioblastoma Cells.

Introduction: Glioblastoma (GB) is one of the deadliest human brain tumors. The prognosis is unfavorable, chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ) may extend the survival period for a patient. The paper aims to evaluate the survival rates among relapsing GB patients, who have been treated with valproic acid (VPA), and to study its effect on tumor cells when combined with TMZ and celecoxib (CXB).

Complete genome of the Listeria monocytogenes strain AUF, used as a live listeriosis veterinary vaccine.

Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a highly pathogenic bacterium that can cause listeriosis, a relatively rare food-borne infectious disease that affects farm, domestic, wild animals and humans as well. The infected livestock is the frequent sources of Lm. Vaccination is one of the methods of controlling listeriosis in target farm animals to prevent Lm-associated food contamination.

PAI-1 deficiency drives pulmonary vascular smooth muscle remodeling and pulmonary hypertension.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by vasoconstriction and remodeling of small pulmonary arteries (PAs). Central to the remodeling process is a switch of pulmonary vascular cells to a proliferative, apoptosis-resistant phenotype. Plasminogen activator inhibitors-1 and -2 (PAI-1 and PAI-2) are the primary physiological inhibitors of urokinase-type and tissue-type plasminogen activators (uPA and tPA), but their roles in PAH are unsettled.

Packaging of supplemented urokinase into alpha granules of in vitro-grown megakaryocytes for targeted nascent clot lysis.

Fibrinolytics delivered into the general circulation lack selectivity for nascent thrombi, reducing efficacy and increasing the risk of bleeding. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) transgenically expressed within murine platelets provided targeted thromboprophylaxis without causing bleeding but is not clinically feasible. Recent advances in generating megakaryocytes prompted us to develop a potentially clinically relevant means to produce "antithrombotic" platelets from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cell-derived in vitro-grown megakaryocytes.

Complete genome sequence of АМК-16, isolated from a small ruminant in the Middle Volga Region, Russia.

We report the complete genome sequence of the АМК-16, recovered from the aborted caprine fetus during a case of chlamydia infection. This 1,152,497-bp genome with 7,552-bp cryptic plasmid provides novel insights into the genetic diversity of chlamydia agent strains particularly those causing the infection in small ruminants.

Specifics of Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution of 5-Fluorouracil Polymeric Complex.

Unlabelled: One of the promising and relevant directions in the treatment of oncological diseases is currently the development of a system for the delivery of antitumor drugs based on polyanions. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the specifics of pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of a 5-Fluorouracil polymeric complex compared with commercial 5-Fluorouracil.

Materials And Methods: Monomeric methacrylic acid was used to synthesize polymers; 2-phenylpropane-2-ilbenzodithioate was used for the synthesis of poly(methacrylic acid).

Packaging of supplemented urokinase into naked alpha-granules of -grown megakaryocytes for targeted therapeutic delivery.

Unlabelled: Our prior finding that uPA endogenously expressed and stored in the platelets of transgenic mice prevented thrombus formation without causing bleeding, prompted us to develop a potentially clinically relevant means of generating anti-thrombotic human platelets from CD34 hematopoietic cell-derived megakaryocytes. CD34 -megakaryocytes internalize and store in α-granules single-chain uPA (scuPA) and a uPA variant modified to be plasmin-resistant, but thrombin-activatable, (uPAT). Both uPAs co-localized with internalized factor V (FV), fibrinogen and plasminogen, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), and interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3), but not with endogenous von Willebrand factor (VWF).

Whole genome sequencing characteristics of Chlamydia psittaci caprine AMK-16 strain, a promising killed whole cell veterinary vaccine candidate against chlamydia infection.

Chlamydia psittaci is a primary zoonotic pathogen with a broad host range causing severe respiratory and reproductive system infection in animals and humans. To reduce the global burden of C. psittaci-associated diseases on animal welfare and health and to control the pathogen spread in husbandry, effective vaccines based on promising vaccine candidate(s) are required.

PAI-1 Deficiency Drives Pulmonary Vascular Smooth Muscle Remodeling and Pulmonary Hypertension.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and potentially a rapidly fatal disease characterized by vasoconstriction and remodeling of small pulmonary arteries (PA) leading to increased pulmonary vascular resistance and right heart failure. Central to the remodeling process is a switch of the smooth muscle cells in small PAs (PASMC) to a proliferative, apoptosis-resistant phenotype. There is reason to suspect that the plasminogen activator system may play an important role in the remodeling program in PAH based on its roles in vascular post-injury restenosis, fibrosis, angiogenesis and tumorigenesis.

Seasonal Changes in the Antioxidant Activity and Biochemical Parameters of Goat Milk.

Goats are ubiquitous, including in hot and dry regions, while also being very sensitive to climate fluctuations, expressed in temperature differences. This affects their productivity and milk quality. Adaptation to heat requires high energy costs, affects "neurohumoral" regulation and is accompanied by oxidative stress with the increased production of free radicals.

Relationships between the Content of Micro- and Macroelements in Animal Samples and Diseases of Different Etiologies.

Many of the micro- and macro-elements (MMEs) required by the body are found in environmental objects in concentrations different from their original concentration that can lead to dangerous animal diseases ("microelementoses"). The aim was to study the features of MME (accumulating in wild and exotic animals) in connection with particular diseases. The work using 67 mammal species from four Russian zoological institutions was completed in 2022.

Modulation of ultralarge immune complexes in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.

Background: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a serious thrombotic disorder caused by ultralarge immune complexes (ULICs) containing platelet factor 4 (PF4) and heparin that form the HIT antigen, together with a subset of anti-PF4 antibodies. ULICs initiate prothrombotic responses by engaging Fcγ receptors on platelets, neutrophils, and monocytes. Contemporary anti-thrombotic therapy for HIT is neither entirely safe nor entirely successful and acts downstream of ULIC formation and Fcγ receptor-initiated generation of thrombin.

NiB-CrC Coatings Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering Using Composite Ceramic NiCr-BC Target Produced by Detonation Spray Coating.

A metal-ceramic composite target for magnetron sputtering was fabricated for the first time by a robotic complex for the detonation spraying of coatings equipped with a multi-chamber detonation accelerator. A mixture of metal and ceramic NiCr/BC powders was sprayed onto the copper base of the cylindrical composite target cathode. The study of the structure of a metal-ceramic composite coating target using scanning electron microscopy showed that the coating material is dense without visible pores; the elemental composition is evenly distributed in the material.

Retrospective Investigation of the Whole Genome of the Hypovirulent Strain of ST201, CC69, Lineage III, Isolated from a Piglet with Fatal Neurolisteriosis.

(Lm), the causative agent for both human and animal listeriosis, is considered to be a rare but potentially fatal foodborne pathogen. While Lm strains associated with current cases of human listeriosis are now being intensely investigated, our knowledge of this microorganism which has caused listerial infection in the past is still extremely limited. The objective of this study was a retrospective whole-genome sequence analysis of the Lm collection strain, 4/52-1953, isolated in the middle of the 20th century from a piglet with listerial neuroinfection.

Calculation of the Absorbed Electron Energy 3D Distribution by the Monte Carlo Method, Presentation of the Proximity Function by Three Parameters α, β, η and Comparison with the Experiment.

The paper presents a program for simulating electron scattering in layered materials . Calculations show that the absorbed energy density is three-dimensional, while the contribution of the forward-scattered electrons is better described by a power function rather than the commonly used Gaussian. It is shown that for the practical correction of the proximity effect, it is possible, nevertheless, to use the classical two-dimensional proximity function containing three parameters: α, β, η.

Metabolic Profile of Sow Blood Serum after Weaning.

The aim of our research was to determine the content of protein, carbohydrate, lipid, and mineral metabolites, as well as an antioxidant status of the sow's blood after weaning and to calculate the correlation between these parameters. The experiment was carried out on twenty clinically healthy crossbred sows (Yorkshire Landrace). Twenty sows were allocated to one of two groups: (1) 1 day after weaning (group 1,  = 10) and (2) 8 days after weaning (group 2,  = 10).

First Case Report of Detection of Multidrug-Resistant in Clinical Sample from an Aborted Ruminant.

The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains is one of the significant global challenges with regard to bacterial drug-resistance control. organisms belong to the complex (ECC) and are commonly recognized as causative agents for hospital infections. Recently, a few MDR strains associated with infection in piglets, calves, and a fox were reported, highlighting the important role of animals and livestock in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance.

Correlations between the Major Amino Acids and Biochemical Blood Parameters of Pigs at Controlled Fattening Duration.

Analytical control of protein and amino acid (AA) contents of animal tissues is an important problem in the fundamental and applied aspects. The aims of the work were the following: to measure the pig blood AAs; and to establish the correlations between AAs and biochemical parameters in dependence on the pig fattening duration. All 80 animals were divided onto 4 animal groups: 65, 72, 82, and 90 fattening days.

Correlations between the Total Antioxidant Activity and Biochemical Parameters of Cow Milk Depending on the Number of Somatic Cells.

The aim of the work was to study the correlations between the total amount of water-soluble antioxidants (TAWSA) and biochemical parameters (BC) of cow milk depending on the somatic cell count (SCC). The BC and TAWSA values of cow milk were measured by spectroscopic and amperometric methods, respectively. The milk samples from the black-and-white cows (Moscow region) were divided according to SCС values: (1) ≤200, (2) 200-499, (3) 500-999, and (4) ≥1000 thousand units/mL.

Effectiveness of bortezomib and temozolomide for eradication of recurrent human glioblastoma cells, resistant to radiation.

Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a primary human brain tumor with the highest mortality rate. The prognosis for such patients is unfavorable, since the tumor is highly resistant to treatment, and the median survival of patients is 13 months. Chemotherapy might extend patients' life, but a tumor, that reappears after chemoradiotherapy, is resistant to temozolomide (TMZ).

Glioblastoma: What can we do for these patients today and what will we be able to do in the future?

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an extremely aggressive primary human brain tumor. The median survival of GBM patients is 15 months in case of completing the modern complex treatment protocol. Chemotherapy can help to extend the life expectancy of patients.

Development of Biodegradable Polymer Blends Based on Chitosan and Polylactide and Study of Their Properties.

Composite materials of various compositions based on chitosan and polylactide were obtained in the form of films or porous bulk samples. Preliminarily, poly-d,l-lactide was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of lactide in the presence of Ti(OPr). Polylactide obtained at components molar ratio [lactide]:[Ti(OPr)] = 3:1 had the best molecular weight characteristics at a high product yield.