Body composition at birth of growth-retarded newborn infants demonstrating catch-up growth in the first year of life.

Total body, extracellular, and intracellular water volume and solids, determined at birth in a group of newborn infants small for date (n = 10) who demonstrated catch-up growth in the first year of life, were compared to similar measurements in newborn infants appropriate for date (n = 11). No significant differences with regard to body water compartment volumes and solids could be found between the 2 groups. It is concluded that intrauterine growth retardation in infants who are capable of catching up in growth after birth is the result of a proportional reduction of the daily increments in fetal solids and body water.

Composition of postnatal weight loss and subsequent weight gain in small for dates newborn infants.

Using a sucrose and deuterium oxide dilution technique body water compartments and solids were serially determined in small for dates newborn infants at birth, at the moment of maximum postnatal weight loss and on recovery of birth weight. Compositions of weight loss and subsequent weight gain were calculated from the differences in body water compartments and solids between the first and the second and the second and the third study, respectively. Birth weight of the infants was 1.

Simultaneous determination of dimethadione and trimethadione by infrared-spectrometry: application for mean intracellular pH measurement.

A simple infrared-spectrometric method for the simultaneous determination of dimethadione and trimethadione in plasma is described. The method is based on the absorption band of the carbonyl group for trimethadione at the wavenumber of 1740 cm-1 and for dimethadione at the wavenumber of 1770 cm-1. The accuracy and precision of the method are excellent; at a dimethadione and trimethadione concentration of 0.

Influence of amoxycillin and cefaclor on the colonization resistance of oropharynx.

A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial was carried out to compare amoxycillin and cefaclor in the treatment of respiratory tract infections in general practice. Their effect on the microflora of the oropharynx, their clinical effectiveness, side-effects and the incidence of superinfections were monitored. Amoxycillin and cefaclor were given three times daily in a dosage of 375 and 250 mg, respectively, for 7 days.

Time-action profile of zinc human insulin (recombinant DNA) in young volunteers as compared with zinc porcine insulin (Monotard).

Zinc human insulin (recombinant DNA) or zinc PPI (Monotard) 20 U was injected subcutaneously to study the time-action profile in six healthy volunteers. During the test period they received a 10-g biscuit containing 3% moisture, 7% protein, 10% fat, 80% carbohydrate, and 30 ml of water every hour. The onset of action with zinc human insulin occurred earlier than with zinc PPI.

An improved method for the determination of the plasma volume with Evans Blue.

A new method for the spectrophotometric determination of Evans Blue in plasma is presented. The method is based on the precipitation of the non-albumin fraction of the plasma proteins with polyethylene glycol, in order to eliminate the variable background absorption of plasma at the wavelength of maximum absorbance of Evans Blue. The accuracy and precision of the method is excellent: at an Evans Blue concentration in plasma of 5 mg .

Infrared-spectrometric determination of D2O in biological fluids. Reappraisal of the method and application to the measurement of total body water and daily water turnover in the dog.

The determination of D2) in biological fluids by means of infrared spectrometry was reinvestigated. When the temperature of a solution, containing D2O in the range from natural abundance to 5 ml . 1-1 increases, its absorbance decreases and the wavenumber of maximum absorption shifts to a higher value.

Absorption, serum levels and urinary excretion of inorganic sulfate after oral administration of sodium sulfate in the conscious rat.

The absorption of inorganic sulfate after ingestion was investigated in rats. After oral administration of Na235SO4, 35S radioactivity was measurable in plasma already after 15 min and its plasma concentration reached a peak after about 1.5--2 h.

Decomposition on freezing of reagents used in the ICSH-recommended method for the determination of total haemoglobin in blood; its nature, cause and prevention.

The decomposition on freezing of reagents used for the determination of total haemoglobin in blood was reinvestigated. When these reagents containing hexacyanoferrate(III) (ferricyanide) and cyanide are frozen and then thawed, hexacyanoferrate(III) is reduced to hexacyanoferrate(II) (ferrocyanide), cyanide being oxidized to (CN)2. At higher concentrations of the reactants than those present in the ICSH-recommended reagents, this reaction proceeds also at room temperature.

Ionic composition of arterial and mixed venous plasma in the unanesthetized dog.

The use of permanent catheters in the aorta and pulmonary artery permitted the establishment of normal values for hemoglobin concentration in blood and -or pH, PCO2, osmolality, and protein and electrolyte concentrations in the plasma of arterial and venous samples from unanesthetized, undisturbed dogs, and the comparison of the ionic composition of simultaneously taken arterial and venous samples. Arterial samples yielded the following mean values: CHb, 143 g liter-1; pHP, 7.427; PCO2, 32.

Acid-base status during reconstructive surgery of the abdominal aorta.

Abolition of a temporary occlusion of the circulation in the legs during surgical reconstruction of the abdominal aorta generally exerts but little influence on the patient's acid-base status. The changes in acid-base status can be corrected by the patient himself. Routine administration of sodium bicarbonate or Tham is unnecessary.

Permanent catheterization of aorta and pulmonary artery in the dog.

A method is presented for permanent catheterization of the aorta and the pulmonary artery in dogs. The preparation of single vessel catheters and double catheters for simultaneous arterial and venous sampling is described. The catheters, made of S-50-HL Tygon tubing, are introduced into the aorta and the pulmonary artery through the omocervical vessels, leaving the cerebral circulation intact.

A simple method for the sampling of respiratory gas in conscious dogs.

A method is presented for the sampling of respiratory gas in conscious animals, using a catheter with the tip implanted in the roof of the nasal cavity and the other end exteriorized beyond the external protuberance of the occiput. The operation procedure is simple and serious postoperative complications have not been encountered. The method has been used extensively for the continuous measurement of Po2 and PCO2 in respiratory gas of conscious dogs.

Determination of extracellular fluid volume in the dog with ferrocyanide.

The suitability of ferocyanide as an indicator for the measurement of extracellular fluid volume was tested. Added ferrocyanide could be recovered completely from urine, plasma and blood. In in vitro experiments ferrocyanide did not penetrate into erythrocytes, nor did it adhere to the red cell membrane.