[Quantitative and ultrastructural characteristics of immunocompetent cells in the mammary gland during pregnancy and lactation].

The quantity and ultrastructure of immunocompetent cells (ICC) were evaluated in the of rat mammary gland in dynamics of pregnancy and lactation. ICC found between the alveolar epithelial cells were represented by monocytes, small and medium lymphocytes, including some granule-containing lymphocytes. The quantity of ICC was found to increase in dynamics of pregnancy and to reach a its maximum on day 3 of lactation.

[Age dynamics of cell populations and mast cell density in human bronchial mucosa].

Using the quantitative analysis of mast cell number and granularity, some regularities of their age-associated dynamics were established. In suckling babies and in early childhood the mast cells are small and contain a moderate amount of secretory granules with no signs of degranulation. Henceforth they become larger and are functioning asynchronously.

[Functional morphology of parathyroid cells in disorders of calcium metabolism].

Cell composition of the parathyroid gland was studied under normal conditions, after the hypo- or hyperloading with calcium gluconate and at hyperfunction. Three types of parathyrocytes were established that probably reflect different stages of their life cycle: the first--poorly differentiated cell, the second--mature differentiated cell and the third--degenerated cell. The majority of cells were represented by the parathyrocytes of the 2nd type the varieties of which reflect a non-active (A-subtype) and active (B-subtype) phases of secretion.

[Succinate dehydrogenase activity in hepatocyte mitochondria in experimental cholestasis].

The method of electron microscopy was used to study the activity of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) in hepatocyte mitochondria during cholestasis and after restoration of the flow of bile. The activity of the enzyme was detected on the membrane of cysts and the inner membrane of the hepatocyte mitochondria. Cholestasis was accompanied by gradual inhibition of SDH activity in the mitochondria to total inhibition by the 30th day of the experiment.

[Ultrastructural bases of intravascular thrombosis in the liver in mechanical jaundice].

Electron microscopic studies of a rat liver blood circulatory bed at the experimentally induced 20-day cholestasis demonstrated that the biliary cirrhosis was accompanied by the development of intravascular thrombosis in the liver in a number of cases. Appearance of "pure" thrombocytic thrombi in the lumen of interlobular veins having continuous intact vascular walls was the morphologic feature of the thrombosis. These thrombi are characterized by absence of fibrin fibres.

[The role of the ultrastructure of the intercalated cells of the kidney collecting tubules in rats in secreting hydrogen ions].

Upon experimental metabolic acidosis in rats, induced by a long-term per os administration of a 10% ammonium chloride solution, elevation of titred acidity and ammonium level in rat's urea was registered, in addition to an increased number of intercalated cells in collecting tubules of kidney medullar zone, where the highest carboanhydrase activity occurred. The structural and functional unit of the intercalated cell is a smooth vesicle having presumable H+-,K+-translocating exchange pump within its membrane. The vesicles accumulating gradually H-ions move to the apical cell membrane to release their content by exocytosis into the tubule space.

[Morphofunctional characteristics of the regulatory systems of the large intestine in salmonellosis].

Morphofunctional alterations occurring in the colon wall indicate complex interactions of the morphological structures participating in the regulation of the intestinal function in salmonellosis. In the early period (24 hours) of maximum decrease in the mediator activity in the nerve structures the number of enterochromaffin cells and the granulation index increased, while in the period of maximum tension of nerve elements (7 days) a decrease in the enterochromaffin cells and granulation index was noted. At later periods (21 days) a relative morphofunctional stabilization of the mucous components and the intramural ganglia has been revealed.

[Functional morphology of interstitial cells of the renal medulla after treatment with indomethacin and unilateral nephrectomy].

The ultrastructure of the renal medullary interstitial cells was compared with the quantitative estimation of the interstitial space and its proteoglycan content after stimulation (left nephrectomy) and inhibition (indomethacin administration) of the prostaglandin synthesis. Lysosomes were found to play a functional role in the lipid granule depletion and arachidonic acid release. The ratio of lysosomes to lipid granules within the interstitial cells may serve as a criterion of their functional activity in the process of prostaglandin synthesis.

[Morphogenesis of hepatocellular necrosis in patients with cholelithiasis complicated by gangrenous cholecystitis].

Morphogenesis of hepatocellular necrosis was studied on liver biopsy samples from patients with cholelithiasis complicated with gangrenous cholecystitis. In patients operated on 5-7 days after the onset on the disease there were foci of hepatic parenchyma necrosis infiltrated with polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PNL) with relevant introduction into the hepatocytes. In patients operated on in 10-15 days disintegration of cellular structures, removal of necrotic masses and reparation proceed with participation of PNL in line with tissue macrophages and stellate reticuloendotheliocytes, poorly differentiated and mature fibroblast-like cells.

[Ultrastructural changes in cells of the white pulp of the spleen during experimental salmonella infection].

The electron microscopic investigation of the immuno-competent cells in various zones of the spleen has revealed certain subcellular bases of the organ's reaction to the experimental salmonellosis. Alterations at early stage of the experiment (3-24 h after infection with Salmonella) are predominantly of destructive character: pyknosis of nuclei, dilated cisterns of the karyotheca, lysis of crests in mitochondria of some cells. On the 3d-14th day hyperplasia and hypertrophy of organelles in the immune-competent cells are revealed; it is connected with increasing processes of immunogenesis.

[Ultrastructural characteristics of endocrine and glandular gastric cells].

Electron microscopy of human gastric mucosa has demonstrated that the endocrine cells are closely and specifically related to the adjacent glandular cells and the basal membrane. Cytoplasmic strands of the adjacent cells surround the endocrine cells and their projections, probably, regulating their secretion. The above outlined relations are considered a structural basis for complex regulatory endocrine and paracrine functions of the gastric endocrine cells.

[Cytoarchitectonics of the hematoparenchymal barrier of the normal liver and in disordered bile outflow].

When 56 patients suffering from obstructive jaundice and 30 white rats with a model of mechanical jaundice have been investigated, several types of cells, undergoing certain changes at the pathological state, have been revealed in the hepatic capillary walls. After 10 days of the disturbed bile outflow, in the endothelial cells micropinocytosis increases, and satellite reticuloendotheliocytes (Kupffer cells), evidently, already at early stages of jaundice actively participate in rendering harmless bile components. Formation and renovation of the hepatic reticular carcass are connected with function of fat-containing cells.

[Sclerotic changes in the liver in experimental cholestasis and their reversibility following restoration of bile outflow].

A model of long-term cholestasis with the following recovery of intestinal bile outflow was developed on rats. In two experimental series choledochoduodenostomy was applied after 10- and 20-day cholestasis. It was established that in 10-day cholestasis perilobular hepatic fibrosis developed and bile outflow recovery in this period caused complete normalization of the liver structure a month later.

[Evaluation of the effectiveness of the long-term use of obzidan in experimental myocardial infarct].

The authors performed a comprehensive study of the recovery processes in the myocardium after occlusion of the coronary artery in 126 white rats under the effect of a long-term treatment with propranolol (0.5 mg/kg). The drug reduced the size of necrosis by 2.

[Morphogenesis of intralobular liver fibrosis in obstructive jaundice patients].

The results of ultrastructural study of the intralobular liver fibrosis in 38 patients with obstructive jaundice of various duration are presented. It is established that the appearance of fibroblast-like sinusoid cells plays a leading role in the development of intralobular liver fibrosis. The morphologic characteristics of poorly differentiated and differentiated cells of this type and their involvement in collagen fiber synthesis within liver lobules are given.

[Ultrastructure of the small intestine mucosa of gnotobiotic rats with a Vibrio cholerae carrier state].

Ultrastructure of the small intestinal mucosa of gnotobiotic rats, carriers of Vibrio eltor or V. Cholerae was studied. The cytoplasm of enterocytes manifested an increased number of lysosome-like structures and hypertrophy of the Golgi complex.

Gastric mucosa after selective proximal vagotomy at stomach and duodenal ulcers.

Biopsies obtained from gastric fundus of 25 patients suffering from gastric and duodenal ulcers, before and after (from 3 months to 2 years) selective proximal vagotomy with pyloroplastics were studied. The general morphologic, electron microscopic, histochemical and cytochemical methods revealed that selective proximal vagotomy caused nonspecific hemodynamic alterations in gastric mucosa, these alterations being observed during 3 postoperative months. In the following period the general morphology of gastric mucosa was predominantly identical to that in preoperative periods.

Immunocytochemical demonstration of the surface and cytoplasmic immunoglobulins of the rat bone marrow and blood cells.

The surface membrane associated immunoglobulins of rat blood and bone marrow lymphocytes, immunoglobulins within cytoplasm of plasma cells were demonstrated by indirect immunoperoxidase technique. About 38..

[Ultrastructural organization of tuft cells of the small intestinal epithelium].

Electron microscopy was used to described a special cell type seen in the small intestinal epithelium of rats (conventional, sterile, monocontaminated with El Tor cholera vibrios, and three-day-old). Ultrastructurally the cells in question appeared to be analogous to "brush" alveolocytes and tuft cells of the mucous membrane of the bronchi, stomach, gallbladder and eyes. It is suggested that these cells may be attributed to receptor cells performing resorptive and secretory functions.