Chromosome architecture and low cohesion bias acrocentric chromosomes towards aneuploidy during mammalian meiosis.

Aneuploidy in eggs is a leading cause of miscarriages or viable developmental syndromes. Aneuploidy rates differ between individual chromosomes. For instance, chromosome 21 frequently missegregates, resulting in Down Syndrome.

A Novel Description of Medial Meniscus Vascularization: A Multicenter Study Introducing the "Medial Meniscal Artery".

Background: The microvasculature of the human meniscus has been previously described by Arnoczky and Warren. However, to date, the qualitative and quantitative extra-articular vascular anatomy of the medial meniscus has not been characterized.

Purposes: To perform a qualitative and quantitative anatomic study of the extra-articular medial meniscal vasculature and to introduce the novel "medial meniscal artery" (MMA), potentially providing future guidelines for the treatment of meniscal abnormalities.

Method for the determination of the luminance of two-photon vision stimuli.

Two-photon vision is a new and developing field in vision science. The phenomenon is based on visual perception of pulsed infrared lasers (800-1300 nm) due to the isomerization of visual pigments caused by two-photon absorption, with color perception corresponding to a wavelength about one-half of the stimulating wavelength in the near-infrared spectral range. Future applications of this effect, both in medical diagnostics and in virtual/augmented reality (VR/AR), require the ability to determine the luminance of the two-photon stimuli.

Monoclonal Antibodies for the Treatment of Ocular Diseases.

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have revolutionized the landscape of cancer therapy, offering unprecedented specificity and diverse mechanisms to combat malignant cells. These biologic agents have emerged as a cornerstone in targeted cancer treatment, binding to specific antigens on cancer cells and exerting their therapeutic effects through various mechanisms, including inhibition of signaling pathways, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). The unique ability of mAbs to engage the immune system and directly interfere with cancer cell function has significantly enhanced the therapeutic armamentarium against a broad spectrum of malignancies.

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for the delivery of bioactives sourced from plants: part I - composition and production methods.

Introduction: Nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in the pharmaceutical field to treat various human disorders. Among these, lipid-based NPs (LNPs), including solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), are favored for drug/bioactive delivery due to their high stability, biocompatibility, encapsulation efficiency, and sustained/controlled release. These properties make them particularly suitable as carriers of compounds derived from plant sources.

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for the delivery of bioactives sourced from plants: part II - applications and preclinical advancements.

Introduction: Numerous purified bioactive compounds, crude extracts, and essential oils have demonstrated potent antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties, particularly in vitro or in silico; however, their in vivo applications are hindered by inadequate absorption and distribution in the organism. The incorporation of these phytochemicals into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) or nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) has demonstrated significant advancements and represents a viable approach to improve their bioavailability through different administration routes.

Areas Covered: This review discusses the potential applications of SLN and NLC, loading bioactive compounds sourced from plants for the treatment of several diseases.

Baseline data on distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in cervical samples of gynecological patients before implementation of population-based HPV vaccination program in Poland.

Objectives: Free-of-charge vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) of 12-13-year-old teenagers was introduced on the 1st of June 2023 in Poland. Data on baseline HPV genotype cervical distribution are crucial to evaluate potential changes after full implementation of the vaccination program. We aimed at evaluating the status of HPV infection and distribution of HPV genotypes in cervical cytology of gynecological patients tested in one of the largest HPV laboratories in Poland.

Mitochondrial Dynamics in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

In lung cancer patients, two complementary abnormalities were found that can cause disruption of the mitochondrial network: increased fusion and impaired fission, manifested by reduced levels of FIS1, a mitochondrial division regulator, and increased expression of MFN1, a mitochondrial fusion mediator. Immunoexpression studies of MFN1 and FIS1 proteins were performed in serum samples obtained from 47 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 21 controls. In the NSCLC patients, the immunoexpression of the MFN1 protein was significantly higher, and the FIS1 protein level was significantly lower than in the control group ( < 0.

Analytical and clinical validation of direct detection of antimicrobial resistance markers by plasma microbial cell-free DNA sequencing.

Unlabelled: Sequencing of plasma microbial cell-free DNA (mcfDNA) has gained increased acceptance as a valuable adjunct to standard-of-care testing for diagnosis of infections throughout the body. Here, we report the analytical and clinical validation of a novel application of mcfDNA sequencing, the non-invasive detection of seven common antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genetic markers in 18 important pathogens. The AMR markers include SCC, , , , and .

Geographical Differences in the Safety and Efficacy of Tofacitinib Versus TNFi: A Post Hoc Analysis of ORAL Surveillance.

Introduction: In ORAL Surveillance, incidence rates (IRs) of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and malignancies (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) in cardiovascular (CV)-risk-enriched patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were numerically greater with tofacitinib in North America versus the rest of the world, due to underlying risk factors. Here, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of tofacitinib versus tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) among patients with RA across geographical regions.

Methods: Patients with RA in ORAL Surveillance (NCT02092467), who were aged ≥ 50 years with ≥ 1 additional CV risk factor, received tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg twice daily or TNFi; 45.

How Has the Treatment of Polish Children with Dravet Syndrome Changed? Future Perspectives.

Background: This report focuses on the treatment histories of 21 patients diagnosed with Dravet syndrome (DRVT) under the care of the Mother and Child Institute in Warsaw. This paper aims to present typical treatment schemes for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, as well as to highlight the influence of genetic diagnosis on pharmacotherapeutic management and to present an economic analysis of hospitalization costs. This paper will also summarize the effectiveness of the latest drugs used in DRVT.

Mutations in Helicobacter pylori infected patients with chronic gastritis, intestinal type of gastric cancer and familial gastric cancer.

Background: Development of sequential changes of mucous leading to gastric cancer and familial cases of gastric cancer of intestinal type is widely connected with Helicobacter pylori infections. In this study we analysed variants of genes involved in cancerogenesis and inflammatory processes of intestines in patients infected with H.pylori.

The sex of organ geometry.

Organs have a distinctive yet often overlooked spatial arrangement in the body. We propose that there is a logic to the shape of an organ and its proximity to its neighbours. Here, by using volumetric scans of many Drosophila melanogaster flies, we develop methods to quantify three-dimensional features of organ shape, position and interindividual variability.

Be curious: Strategic curiosity drives creativity.

Ivancovsky et al. provide a compelling argument for the role of curiosity in creative thinking. We argue that (a) trait-like curiosity is necessary to engage in creative actions and (b) state-like curiosity might be effectively and strategically induced during interventions.

Anti-Atherosclerotic Properties of Extracts Influenced by Their Chemical Composition Associated with the Ripening Stage of the Berries.

The high content of bioactive compounds in fruit offers health benefits. In this study, the anti-atherosclerotic effect of Aronia extracts was assessed. The impact on the level of adhesion molecules and the inflammatory response of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was shown in relation to the chemical composition and the stage of ripening of the fruits.

Profile of Bioactive Components and Antioxidant Activity of Fruits at Various Stages of Their Growth, Using Chemometric Methods.

Aronia (chokeberry, ) is a valuable fruit that combines the health benefits of green tea and red wine and is gaining popularity worldwide. Aronia has a unique chemical composition with strong antioxidant properties, including anthocyanins and chlorogenic acids (CGAs). However, it remains unclear which specific compounds or groups are primarily responsible for the antioxidant properties of chokeberry.

Effect of whole-body vibration on postural stability in young adults with generalized joint hypermobility: A comparative study.

Background: Whole-body vibration (WBV) is being used in rehabilitation and sport. Studies confirm its positive impact on muscle strength and power or regulating muscle hypertension. However, there are some uncertainties regarding its influence on postural stability.

Luteal phase support in assisted reproductive technology.

Infertility affects one in six couples, with in vitro fertilization (IVF) offering many the chance of conception. Compared to the solitary oocyte produced during the natural menstrual cycle, the supraphysiological ovarian stimulation needed to produce multiple oocytes during IVF results in a dysfunctional luteal phase that can be insufficient to support implantation and maintain pregnancy. Consequently, hormonal supplementation with luteal phase support, principally exogenous progesterone, is used to optimize pregnancy rates; however, luteal phase support remains largely 'black-box' with insufficient clarity regarding the optimal timing, dosing, route and duration of treatment.

Kumada-Tamao-Corriu Type Reaction of Aromatic Bromo- and Iodoamines with Grignard Reagents.

The first example of the Kumada-Tamao-Corriu type reaction of unprotected bromoanilines with Grignard reagents is described. The method uses a palladium source and a newly designed Buchwald-type ligand as the catalytic system. Secondary and tertiary bromo- and iodoamines were also successfully coupled to alkyl Grignard reagents.

Are cooks more disgust sensitive? Preliminary examination of the food preparation hypothesis.

According to the food preparation hypothesis, sex differences in disgust sensitivity may stem from different sex roles that males and females played in our ancestral times. In current times, these differences may be reflected in varying levels of disgust sensitivity between people who frequently versus rarely engage in meal preparation, or who are versus are not professionally responsible for providing meals for others. To test this reasoning, we conducted a preregistered study with 493 individuals (55% female), with 280 of them working in the restaurant industry.