Nanoisland SERS-Substrates for Specific Detection and Quantification of Influenza A Virus.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based aptasensors for virus determination have attracted a lot of interest recently. This approach provides both specificity due to an aptamer component and a low limit of detection due to signal enhancement by a SERS substrate. The most successful SERS-based aptasensors have a limit of detection (LoD) of 10-100 viral particles per mL (VP/mL) that is advantageous compared to polymerase chain reactions.

Improvement of Seed-Mediated Growth of Gold Nanoparticle Labels for DNA Membrane-Based Assays.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are popular labels for colorimetric detection of various analytes, involving proteins, nucleic acids, viruses, and whole cells because of their outstanding optical properties, inertness, and modification variability. In this work, we present an improved approach for enhancement of color intensity for DNA membrane microarrays based on seed-mediated growth of AuNP labels. Biotin-labeled DNA is hybridized with capture oligonucleotide probes immobilized on the microarrays.

Model of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus for Development of a DNA-Modified, Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Sensor with a Novel Hybrid Plasmonic Platform in Sandwich Mode.

The recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has posed a great challenge for the development of ultra-fast methods for virus identification based on sensor principles. We created a structure modeling surface and size of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and used it in comparison with the standard antigen SARS-CoV-2-the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the S-protein of the envelope of the SARS-CoV-2 virus from the Wuhan strain-for the development of detection of coronaviruses using a DNA-modified, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based aptasensor in sandwich mode: a primary aptamer attached to the plasmonic surface-RBD-covered Ag nanoparticle-the Cy3-labeled secondary aptamer. Fabricated novel hybrid plasmonic structures based on "Ag mirror-SiO-nanostructured Ag" demonstrate sensitivity for the detection of investigated analytes due to the combination of localized surface plasmons in nanostructured silver surface and the gap surface plasmons in a thin dielectric layer of SiO between silver layers.

SERS-based biosensor with Raman-active external responsive element for rapid determination of adenosine monophosphate.

Phosphorylated adenosine derivatives are important biological molecules with diverse biological functions connected with the energetic balance of the cell, biosynthesis of cell components and regulation of protein activity. Measurement of these compounds provides information about the cell signalling in the body as well as the quantity of microorganisms in the environment. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an optical method that provides a unique spectrum of a substance at low concentrations.

A Combination of Membrane Filtration and Raman-Active DNA Ligand Greatly Enhances Sensitivity of SERS-Based Aptasensors for Influenza A Virus.

Biosensors combining the ultrahigh sensitivity of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and the specificity of nucleic acid aptamers have recently drawn attention in the detection of respiratory viruses. The most sensitive SERS-based aptasensors allow determining as low as 10 virus particles per mL that is 100-fold lower than any antibody-based lateral flow tests but 10-100-times higher than a routine polymerase chain reaction with reversed transcription (RT-PCR). Sensitivity of RT-PCR has not been achieved in SERS-based aptasensors despite the usage of sophisticated SERS-active substrates.

SERS-Based Aptasensor for Rapid Quantitative Detection of SARS-CoV-2.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the development of sensitive and rapid techniques for detection of viruses have become vital. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is an appropriate tool for new techniques due to its high sensitivity. SERS materials modified with short-structured oligonucleotides (DNA aptamers) provide specificity for SERS biosensors.

SERS-Based Colloidal Aptasensors for Quantitative Determination of Influenza Virus.

Development of sensitive techniques for rapid detection of viruses is on a high demand. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an appropriate tool for new techniques due to its high sensitivity. DNA aptamers are short structured oligonucleotides that can provide specificity for SERS biosensors.

[The onset of myasthenia in a patient presenting with essential thrombocytopenia].

This paper describes the onset of a generalized form of myasthenia in a patient presenting with essential thrombocytopenia. Clinical features of myasthenia are considered. It is hypothesized that immunological disorders in the preceding period play an important role in the mechanisms triggering the onset of myasthenia.

[Endothelium of myocardium microvessel under conditions of hypothermia, ischemia, reperfusion and pharmaco-cold cardioplegia with calcium antagonist].

Microvessels of the right atrium endothelium were investigated with electron microscope for patients with congenital heart disease receiving surgical treatment under deep perfusionless hypothermia and various methods of pharmaco-cold cardioplegia. In group 1, pharmaco-cold cardioplegia was performed, with hyperosmolar normopotash solution cooled down to 2-4 degrees C. In group 2, the same solution combined with isoptin, a potash-ion blocker, was applied.

Changes in myocardial metabolism and ultrastructure of myocardial microvessels during pharmacological and cold cardioplegia under hypothermic conditions without perfusion.

A combination of pharmacological and cold cardioplegia in with hypothermia without perfusion in open-heart surgery guarantee the reversible character of shifts in energy and free radical balance in the myocardium. However, this procedure can impair coronary micricirculation due to structural and functional changes in microvessel endothelium. Our results demonstrate that new cytoprotective approaches are extremely needed for cardiac protection during surgery.

Effect of calcium antagonists on ultrastructure of myocardial microvessels during open heart surgery under conditions of pharmacological and cold cardioplegia.

Ultrastructure of myocardial microvessels was examined during surgical correction of congenital heart disease (ventricular septal defect) under conditions of cold and pharmacological low-potassium cardioplegia without perfusion. Addition of calcium antagonist verapamil to cardioplegic solution prevented postischemic damage to vascular and perivascular structures occurring during reperfusion and body temperature rise.

[Tissue hypoxia in acute myocardial infarction and possible approaches to its correction].

Gas exchange values were studied in 94 patients with complicated myocardial infarction. The degree of hypoxia correlated with the severity of complications during the acute stage of disease, which coincided with disorders in the myocardial contractile function. Hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) in a sparing regimen, added to combined therapy of acute myocardial infarction, effectively liquidated tissue hypoxia and improved the contractile and pumping function of the heart.

[Ways to decrease blood loss during total hip joint endoprosthesis].

Total replacement (endoprosthesis) of the hip joint was carried out in 93 patients aged 18-60 years. Sixteen operations were performed under prolonged epidural blockade, 66 under neuroleptanalgesia, and 16 under ataralgesia. A deficiency of circulating blood volume was detected in all patients before surgery.

[Combined anesthesia using Diprivan and ketamine in pediatric surgery].

A total of 120 children aged 7-14 years were subjected to short-term elective and urgent interventions under combined intravenous anesthesia with diprivane and ketamine. The patients were divided into groups depending on methods of general anesthesia. Noninvasive monitoring of hemodynamic parameters and SaO2 was carried out during anesthesia and surgery and psychomotor functions were evaluated during the immediate postoperative period.

[Use of laser irradiation in intensive care of children during the postoperative period].

Homeostasis parameters, level of endotoxicosis, free radical lipid peroxidation, and antiradical defense were studied in young children administered laser exposures and antioxidants unithiol and vitamin E within the protocol of intensive case for pyoinflammatory diseases. The patients were divided into three groups with different protocols of treatment. Clinical and biochemical findings indicate the efficacy of laser therapy and antioxidants.

[Adenine nucleotide metabolism in acute myocardial infarct and the initiation of free-radical oxidation].

A close relationship between the ADN pool and one of the routes of free radical generation mediated by the xanthine oxidase system has been revealed during studies of changes in adenyl nucleotide metabolism in 140 patients with acute myocardial infarction. The metabolic disorders and changes in the activities of free-radical processes associated with them were found to correlate in patients with different forms of acute myocardial infarction during the acute stage of the disease. The authors consider that this correlation gives grounds for including antioxidative agents in the treatment protocols.

[The radiation and chemoradiation treatments of generalized low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. 2. The late results].

Late outcomes of radiation and chemoradiation treatments and chemotherapy were analysed in 255 patients with low-grade generalized non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). In terms of total and relapse-free survival, chemoradiation treatment regimen yields the best results, as compared to chemotherapy. There is a general trend to improve the late outcomes when each of two components of the chemoradiation regimen is intensified.

[The radiation and chemoradiation treatments of generalized low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. 1. The immediate results].

The remission rates were analysed during radiation and chemoradiation treatments and chemotherapy of 255 patients with low-grade generalized non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Complete remission was achieved in 15.3% of patients, partial remission was in 82.

[Metabolic components of anesthesiological provision in surgery of suppurative-inflammatory diseases of the abdominal cavity].

The authors analyze the experience gained with the use of multicomponent intravenous anesthesia and epidural anesthesia in combination with a synthetic opioid dalargin, protease inhibitor trasylol, and sulfhydryl group donor unithiol. The studies were carried out in 164 patients operated on for pyoinflammatory diseases of the abdominal and small pelvis organs. Under study were the parameters of central hemodynamics, oxygen-transporting system, and lipid peroxidation.

[Intensive care of respiratory insufficiency and hypoxia].

Analysis of the results of studies carried out in 1200 patients aged 1 day to 75 years hospitalized at reanimation and intensive care wards for critical and terminal states of different origin showed that respiratory insufficiency and hypoxia play the main role in the pathogenesis of critical states and cause generalized disturbances of metabolism which lead to disorders in the work of vital organs and systems. The major part in metabolic disorders is played by changes in free-radical lipid peroxidation and in the system of antioxidant defense. An original program of "metabolic reanimation" is proposed for correction of the disordered metabolic processes and their aftereffects caused by hypoxia.