Variability in Lipid Profiles During Young Adulthood and the Risk of Coronary Artery Calcium Incidence in Midlife: Insights From the CARDIA Study.

Background: Intraindividual variability in lipid profiles is recognized as a potential predictor of cardiovascular events. However, the influence of early adulthood lipid profile variability along with mean lipid levels on future coronary artery calcium (CAC) incidence remains unclear.

Methods: A total of 2395 participants (41.

Efficacy of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision to Prevent HIV Infection Among Men Who Have Sex With Men : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Observational studies suggest that voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) may lower HIV risk among men who have sex with men (MSM). A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is needed to confirm this.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of VMMC in preventing incident HIV infection among MSM.

Noncontrast CT Selected Thrombectomy vs Medical Management for Late-Window Anterior Large Vessel Occlusion.

Background And Objectives: There is uncertainty whether patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) presenting in the late 6-hour to 24-hour time window can be selected for endovascular therapy (EVT) by noncontrast CT (NCCT) and CT angiography (CTA) for LVO detection. We evaluated the clinical outcomes of patients selected for EVT by NCCT compared with those medically managed in the extended time window.

Methods: This multinational cohort study was conducted at 66 sites across 10 countries.

A gB nanoparticle vaccine elicits a protective neutralizing antibody response against EBV.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a global public health concern, as it is known to cause multiple diseases while also being etiologically associated with a wide range of epithelial and lymphoid malignancies. Currently, there is no available prophylactic vaccine against EBV. gB is the EBV fusion protein that mediates viral membrane fusion and participates in host recognition, making it critical for EBV infection in both B cells and epithelial cells.

A corticoamygdalar pathway controls reward devaluation and depression using dynamic inhibition code.

Reward devaluation adaptively controls reward intake. It remains unclear how cortical circuits causally encode reward devaluation in healthy and depressed states. Here, we show that the neural pathway from the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) employs a dynamic inhibition code to control reward devaluation and depression.

Radiomic Analysis Based on Gd-EOB-DTPA Enhanced MRI for the Preoperative Prediction of Ki-67 Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Rationale And Objectives: To develop and validate a random forest model based on radiomic features in Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI for predicting the Ki-67 expression in solitary HCC.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 258 patients with solitary HCC. Significant clinicoradiological factors were identified through univariate and multivariate analyses for distinguishing HCC with high (>20%) and low (≤20%) Ki-67 expression.

Bempedoic Acid Unveils Therapeutic Potential in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Suppression of the Hepatic PXR-SLC13A5/ACLY Signaling Axis.

The hepatic SLC13A5/SLC25A1-ATP-dependent citrate lyase (ACLY) signaling pathway, responsible for maintaining the citrate homeostasis, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Bempedoic acid (BA), an ACLY inhibitor commonly used for managing hypercholesterolemia, has shown promising results in addressing hepatic steatosis. This study aimed to elucidate the intricate relationships in processes of hepatic lipogenesis among SLC13A5, SLC25A1, and ACLY and to examine the therapeutic potential of BA in NAFLD, providing insights into its underlying mechanism.

Photo-protection and photo-inhibition during light induction in Barbula indica and Conocephalum conicum under different light gradients.

The objectives of this study were to measure the chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) parameters of Barbula indica (Hook.) Spreng and Conocephalum conicum (L.) Dumort subjected to various light intensities (LI) as a reflection of their adaptability to their habitats.

COVID-19 vaccination boosts the potency and breadth of the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 among recovered patients in Wuhan.

The immunity of patients who recover from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could be long lasting but persist at a lower level. Thus, recovered patients still need to be vaccinated to prevent reinfection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or its mutated variants. Here, we report that the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine can stimulate immunity in recovered patients to maintain high levels of anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) and anti-nucleocapsid protein (NP) antibody titers within 9 months, and high neutralizing activity against the prototype, Delta, and Omicron strains was observed.

Air Pollution Associated With Incident Stroke, Poststroke Cardiovascular Events, and Death: A Trajectory Analysis of a Prospective Cohort.

Background And Objective: Ambient air pollution has been widely linked with morbidity and mortality of stroke. However, its effects on dynamic progression trajectory of stroke remain unknown.We investigated the effects of ambient air pollution on progression trajectory from healthy status to incident stroke, poststroke cardiovascular diseases, and subsequent death.

Association of Ambient Particulate Matter Pollution of Different Sizes With In-Hospital Case Fatality Among Stroke Patients in China.

Background And Objectives: To characterize the association of ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution of different sizes (PM ≤1 µm in aerodynamic diameter [PM], PM, and PM) with in-hospital case fatality among patients with stroke in China.

Methods: We collected hospitalizations due to stroke in 4 provinces in China from 2013 to 2019. Seven-day and annual averages of PM prior to hospitalization were estimated using bilinear interpolation and residential addresses.

Prevalence and disease progression of genetically-confirmed facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy type 1 (FSHD1) in China between 2001 and 2020: a nationwide population-based study.

Background: Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy type 1 (FSHD1) is a rare disease, which is often underdiagnosed due to its heterogeneous presentations and complex molecular genetic basis, leading to a lack of population-based epidemiology data, especially of prevalence and disease progression.

Methods: Fujian Neuromedical Centre (FNMC) is a diagnosis centre for clinical-genetic FSHD in China, and the only one employing pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)-based Southern blotting for all FSHD1 genetic tests. Three sources distributed across all six spatial zones in China, were used to obtain information regarding FSHD1 events, namely, FNMC, Genetic and Myopathy Group (branches of the Neurology Society of the Chinese Medical Association), and "FSHD-China" (an organization supported by FSHD patients).

Growth differentiation factor 15 neutralization does not impact anorexia or survival in lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation.

Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) causes anorexia and weight loss in animal models, and higher circulating levels are associated with cachexia and reduced survival in cancer and other chronic diseases such as sepsis. To investigate the role of sepsis-induced GDF15, we examined whether GDF15 neutralization via a validated and highly potent monoclonal antibody, mAB2, modulates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced anorexia, weight loss, and mortality in rodents. LPS injection transiently increased circulating GDF15 in wild-type mice, decreased food intake and body weight, and increased illness behavior and mortality at a high dose.

Towards computer-aided severity assessment via deep neural networks for geographic and opacity extent scoring of SARS-CoV-2 chest X-rays.

A critical step in effective care and treatment planning for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, is the assessment of the severity of disease progression. Chest x-rays (CXRs) are often used to assess SARS-CoV-2 severity, with two important assessment metrics being extent of lung involvement and degree of opacity. In this proof-of-concept study, we assess the feasibility of computer-aided scoring of CXRs of SARS-CoV-2 lung disease severity using a deep learning system.

Synergistic Pharmacodynamic Effects of Gemcitabine and Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors on Pancreatic Cancer Cell Cycle Kinetics and Proliferation.

Median survival of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cancer (PDAC) is 6 months, with 9% 5-year survival. Standard-of-care gemcitabine (Gem) provides only modest survival benefits, and combination therapies integrating novel targeted agents could improve outcomes. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors (FGFRs) play important roles in PDAC growth and invasion.

Values of Baseline Posterior Circulation Acute Stroke Prognosis Early Computed Tomography Score for Treatment Decision of Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion.

Background And Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the impact of baseline posterior circulation Acute Stroke Prognosis Early Computed Tomography Score (pc-ASPECTS) on the efficacy and safety of endovascular therapy (EVT) for patients with acute basilar artery occlusion.

Methods: The BASILAR was a nationwide prospective registry of consecutive patients with a symptomatic and radiologically confirmed acute basilar artery occlusion within 24 hours of symptom onset. We estimated the effect of standard medical therapy alone (SMT group) versus SMT plus EVT (EVT group) for patients with documented pc-ASPECTS on noncontrast CT, both as a categorical (0-4 versus 5-7 versus 8-10) and as a continuous variable.

Target inhibition on GSK-3β by miR-9 to modulate proliferation and apoptosis of bladder cancer cells.

Since this article has been suspected of research misconduct and the corresponding authors did not respond to our request to prove originality of data and figures, "Target inhibition on GSK-3β by miR-9 to modulate proliferation and apoptosis of bladder cancer cells, by Z.-C. Dong, D.

Suppression of Endothelial AGO1 Promotes Adipose Tissue Browning and Improves Metabolic Dysfunction.

Background: Metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes mellitus can cause dysfunction of endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular rarefaction in adipose tissues. However, the modulatory role of ECs in adipose tissue function is not fully understood. Other than vascular endothelial growth factor-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-mediated angiogenic signaling, little is known about the EC-derived signals in adipose tissue regulation.

Long-read sequencing identified a causal structural variant in an exome-negative case and enabled preimplantation genetic diagnosis.

Background: For a proportion of individuals judged clinically to have a recessive Mendelian disease, only one heterozygous pathogenic variant can be found from clinical whole exome sequencing (WES), posing a challenge to genetic diagnosis and genetic counseling. One possible reason is the limited ability to detect disease causal structural variants (SVs) from short reads sequencing technologies. Long reads sequencing can produce longer reads (typically 1000 bp or longer), therefore offering greatly improved ability to detect SVs that may be missed by short-read sequencing.

Reconstitution of using CRISPR/Cas9 in the white adipose tissue of pigs decreases fat deposition and improves thermogenic capacity.

Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is localized on the inner mitochondrial membrane and generates heat by uncoupling ATP synthesis from proton transit across the inner membrane. UCP1 is a key element of nonshivering thermogenesis and is most likely important in the regulation of body adiposity. Pigs (Artiodactyl family ) lack a functional UCP1 gene, resulting in poor thermoregulation and susceptibility to cold, which is an economic and pig welfare issue owing to neonatal mortality.

Ambient PM and Stroke: Effect Modifiers and Population Attributable Risk in Six Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Background And Purpose: Short-term exposure to ambient fine particulate pollution (PM) has been linked to increased stroke. Few studies, however, have examined the effects of long-term exposure.

Methods: A total of 45 625 participants were interviewed and included in this study, the participants came from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health, a prospective cohort in 6 low- and middle-income countries.