Non-coding RNAs in Brain Tumors, the Contribution of lncRNAs, circRNAs, and snoRNAs to Cancer Development-Their Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential.

Brain tumors are one of the most frightening ailments that afflict human beings worldwide. They are among the most lethal of all adult and pediatric solid tumors. The unique cell-intrinsic and microenvironmental properties of neural tissues are some of the most critical obstacles that researchers face in the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors.

Protein-Related Circular RNAs in Human Pathologies.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a distinct family of RNAs derived from alternative splicing which play a crucial role in regulating gene expression by acting as microRNA (miRNA) and RNA binding protein (RBP) sponges. However, recent studies have also reported the multifunctional potential of these particles. Under different conditions, circRNAs not only regulate protein synthesis, destination, and degradation but can serve as protein scaffolds or recruiters and are also able to produce short peptides with active biological functions.

Circular and long non-coding RNAs and their role in ophthalmologic diseases.

Long non-coding RNAs are 200 nucleotide long RNA molecules which lack or have limited protein-coding potential. They can regulate protein formation through several different mechanisms. Similarly, circular RNAs are reported to play a critical role in post-transcriptional gene regulation.

[Józef Heller-one of organizers of Polish biochemistry in 1942-1973].

The article commemorates the activity of Józef Heller starting in 1921 with Jakub Parnas's group in Lvov which investigated the phosphorolysis of glycogen. The unknown events of His biography were disclosed, like military service in the Piłsudski's Legions at the rebirth of the Polish State and, subsequently, during the Nazi occupation of Poland--participation in the clandestine teaching of medical students. In the post-war times Józef Heller undertook teaching of medical students in Wrocław and next in Warsaw.