Publications by authors named "Z Z Nxumalo"
Tuberculosis (TB) may cause significant long-term cardiorespiratory complications, of which pulmonary vascular disease is most under-recognized. TB is rarely listed as a cause of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in most PH guidelines, yet PH may develop at various stages in the time course of TB, from active infection through to the post-TB period. Predisposing risk factors for the development of PH are likely multifactorial, involving active TB disease and post-TB lung disease (PTLD), host-related and environment-related factors.
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- AI can detect radiological changes in lung diseases, especially in high-burden areas for TB and HIV, potentially improving healthcare systems.
- The study assessed the qXR software's effectiveness in identifying lung cancer and pulmonary TB by analyzing 382 chest X-rays with confirmed diagnoses.
- Results showed high sensitivity and specificity for both lung cancer (84% sensitivity, 91% specificity) and PTB (90% sensitivity, 79% specificity), indicating qXR could assist in early detection and management of these conditions.
Conventional approaches for treating tumors encompass chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. However, these methods come with their limitations when applied in clinical practice. Aptamers are often referred to as "chemical antibodies" and consist of short DNA or RNA molecules, designed to bind to a wide range of targets, including proteins or nucleic acid structures.
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- The study evaluates the use of Bubble CPAP (bCPAP) in reducing pneumonia-related deaths in children at the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital from 2016-2018.
- Out of 500 children treated with bCPAP, 53% were male, with a median age of 3.7 months, and the majority had no underlying medical conditions.
- A small percentage required invasive ventilation (8%) and only 12 (2%) children died, indicating that bCPAP is a promising intervention in low-resourced settings.
Despite the significant benefits of maternal immunisation, uptake remains low in many parts of the world. In this qualitative study, we aimed to assess the factors that influence pregnant women's decision to engage with maternal immunisation in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. We conducted in-depth interviews with a total of 28 purposively sampled pregnant women and key informants using semi-structured topic guides.
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