HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis: New and Upcoming Drugs to Address the HIV Epidemic.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) provides a critical intervention toward ending the HIV epidemic and protecting people with reasons to utilize PrEP. PrEP options continue to expand as new administration modalities offer the potential to tailor PrEP use for individual success. We have provided the evidence for new and emerging antiretroviral agents for PrEP (cabotegravir, lenacapavir, dapivirine, and broadly neutralizing antibodies), divided into pharmacology, animal model, and human data, accompanied by a summary and suggested place in therapy.

Germline variant determines epigenetic regulation of the anti-cancer drug metabolism gene dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase ().

Enhancers are critical for regulating tissue-specific gene expression, and genetic variants within enhancer regions have been suggested to contribute to various cancer-related processes, including therapeutic resistance. However, the precise mechanisms remain elusive. Using a well-defined drug-gene pair, we identified an enhancer region for dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD, gene) expression that is relevant to the metabolism of the anti-cancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole significantly reduces the risk of nocardiosis in solid organ transplant recipients: systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis.

Background: Whether trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) prophylaxis prevents nocardiosis in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients is controversial.

Objectives: To assess the effect of TMP-SMX in the prevention of nocardiosis after SOT, its dose-response relationship, its effect on preventing disseminated nocardiosis, and the risk of TMP-SMX resistance in case of breakthrough infection.

Methods: A systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis.

Pulmonary tuberculosis complicated by pneumothorax, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in the settings of advanced HIV disease: A case report.

Introduction: A large proportion of the global burden of HIV-associated TB occurs in sub-Saharan Africa; including 74% of new cases of TB and 79% of deaths occurs in this area. Spontaneous pneumothorax occurs more frequently in patients with AIDS than the general population with the estimated incidence to be about 2-5% of overall total cases. Tuberculosis ARDS and septic shock are rare but carries extremely poor prognosis.