Nitric oxide is involved in the memory facilitation induced by spermidine in rats.

Rationale: Spermidine (SPD) is an endogenous polyamine that modulates N-methyl-D: -aspartate receptor functions, which has been reported to facilitate memory formation.

Objectives: In the current study, we investigated the involvement of nitric oxide in the facilitatory effect of SPD on the memory of adult male Wistar rats in the inhibitory avoidance task.

Results: The coadministration of the nonspecific NOS inhibitor N (G) nitro-L: -arginine methyl ester (L: -NAME) (0.

Antinociceptive effect of novel pyrazolines in mice.

The antinociceptive effect of six novel synthetic pyrazolines (3-ethoxymethyl-5-ethoxycarbonyl-1H-pyrazole (Pz 1) and its corresponding 1-substituted methyl (Pz 2) and phenyl (Pz 3) analogues, and 3-(1-ethoxyethyl)-5-ethoxycarbonyl-1H-pyrazole (Pz 4) and its corresponding 1-substituted methyl (Pz 5) and phenyl (Pz 6) analogues) was evaluated by the tail immersion test in adult male albino mice. The animals (N = 11-12 in each group) received vehicle (5% Tween 80, 10 ml/kg, sc) or 1.5 mmol/kg of each of the pyrazolines (Pz 1-Pz 6), sc.

Antinociceptive effects of Cremophor EL orally administered to mice.

Surfactants are frequently used to improve solubilization of lipophilic drugs. Cremophor EL (CrEL) is a polyoxyethylated castor oil surfactant used to solubilize water-insoluble drugs such as anesthetic, antineoplastic, immunosuppressive and analgesic drugs, vitamins and new synthetic compounds, including potential analgesics. The antinociceptive effect of CrEL (3.

Neonatal androgen effects on conditioned emotional response extinction of adult rats under various hormonal regimens.

Intact male rats and spayed female rats received 0.5 mg testosterone propionate in the first 24 hours after birth. They were divided into different groups, administered peanut oil, progesterone, oestradiol benzoate and testosterone propionate in adulthood.