Ameloblasts are specialized epithelial cells in the jaw that have an indispensable role in tooth enamel formation-amelogenesis. Amelogenesis depends on multiple ameloblast-derived proteins that function as a scaffold for hydroxyapatite crystals. The loss of function of ameloblast-derived proteins results in a group of rare congenital disorders called amelogenesis imperfecta.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSkeletal muscle regeneration is a complex process orchestrated by multiple interacting steps. An increasing number of reports indicate that inflammatory responses play a central role in linking initial muscle injury responses to timely muscle regeneration following injury. The nucleoside adenosine has been known for a long time as an endogenously produced anti-inflammatory molecule that is generated in high amounts during tissue injury.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMacrophage polarization is a process whereby macrophages develop a specific phenotype and functional response to different pathophysiological stimuli and tissue environments. In general, two main macrophage phenotypes have been identified: inflammatory (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) macrophages characterized specifically by IL-1β and IL-10 production, respectively. In the cardiotoxin-induced skeletal muscle injury model bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) play the central role in regulating tissue repair.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvery day, billions of our cells die and get cleared without inducing inflammation. When, clearance is improper, uncleared cells undergo secondary necrosis and trigger inflammation. In addition, proper efferocytosis would be required for inducing resolution of inflammation, thus clearance deficiencies in the long term lead to development of various chronic inflammatory diseases.
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