Increasing the expression of programmed death ligand 2 (PD-L2) but not 4-1BB ligand in colorectal cancer cells.

Immune checkpoint (ICP) molecules modulate the immune response by either inducing or preventing T cell activation. Over-expression of some ICPs on malignant cells has been shown to regulate anti-tumor immune responses. We aimed to investigate the expression levels of two immune checkpoint molecules which have not been studied extensively in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).

The impact of topical Saint John's Wort () treatment on tissue tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in plaque-type psoriasis: A pilot study.

Context: Psoriasis is an inflammatory disorder, formed by inappropriate interaction of T lymphocytes with keratinocytes, and consequent eruption of immune responses. High concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) are found in the skin lesions and plasma of patients with psoriasis. Hypericum perforatum, a phytomedicine that has both anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties, has been recently reported to be clinically helpful for improvement of psoriatic lesions.

Severe tinea corporis due to Trichophyton verrucosum mimicking discoid lupus erythematosus.

Objective: This study was carried out to show possible similarities between discoid lupus erythematosus clinical signs and histopathological findings and dermatophytosis.

Patient And Methods: A 43-year-old woman with diffused erythematous scaling lesions on her neck was studied. Skin biopsy was performed using H&E and PAS staining.