Understanding the socioeconomic dimensions of antibiotic resistance: a critical marketting perspective of healthcare stakeholders.

Objective: To explore the socioeconomic dimensions of antimicrobial resistance, emphasising the risks associated with imprudent use of antibiotics and the consequent emergence of drug-resistant "superbugs."

Methods: The study employed constructivist grounded theory to investigate the perspectives of stakeholders, including physicians, patients, pharmacists, sales managers, and Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP) employees. In-depth interviews were conducted with these stakeholders at their workplaces in 2022 and 2023, and transcripts were meticulously transcribed for analysis.

Estimating Coronary Sinus Oxygen Saturation from Pulmonary Artery Oxygen Saturation.

: Coronary sinus oxygen saturation is a useful indicator of health and disease states. However, it is not routinely used in clinical practice. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) oximetry can accurately estimate oxygen saturation in the pulmonary artery.

Automated Quantification of Simple and Complex Aortic Flow Using 2D Phase Contrast MRI.

(1) : Flow assessment using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) provides important implications in determining physiologic parameters and clinically important markers. However, post-processing of CMR images remains labor- and time-intensive. This study aims to assess the validity and repeatability of fully automated segmentation of phase contrast velocity-encoded aortic root plane.

Clinical relevance of aortic conduit and reservoir function.

Background: Aortic conduit and reservoir functions can be directly measured by four-dimensional flow (4D flow) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR).

Methods: Twenty healthy controls (10 young and 10 age-gender-matched old controls) and 20 patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) were recruited. All had 4D flow CMR.