Luteolin promotes neuronogenesis in hippocampus of chronic unpredictable mild stress rats and primary hippocampus of fetal rats.

Objective: To investigate the effects of luteolin on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depressive rats and corticosterone (CORT)-induced depressive primary hippocampal neurons, and to elucidate the mechanism behind the action.

Methods: The antidepressant mechanism of luteolin was studied by using CUMS rat model and primary hippocampal neurons in fetal rats. , novelty suppressed feeding, open-field and sucrose preference tests as well as Morris water maze were evaluated.

Spatial conceptions in Chinese and Canadian children.

Four-, five-, and six-year-old Chinese and Canadian boys and girls were presented a series of 11 graphic models and were asked to draw them. Supporting Piaget's theory, the data indicated that drawing performance on the topological dimension was better than the performance on the Euclidean dimension, and that there were neither gender nor cultural differences in performance. The research offers strong support for a main effect of biological or maturational factors as the foundation for the developmental influences in the acquisition of spatial conceptions.