Endoscopic techniques for early diagnosis of cloacal pathologies and sex determination in blue spotted tree monitor ( and Cuming's water monitor (.

This article attempts to present, for the first time, the usefulness and feasibility of using endoscopic techniques in the cloacal region of and . This method can serve both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, as well as offering an early approach to sex determination through the observation of the urodeum which in males ends in a blind end while in females it consists of two ostia which represent the outlets of the oviducts. In this context, commonly employed sex determination techniques, such as post-cloacal spur detection, have shown unreliability.

Myxofibrosarcoma of the penis in an African pygmy hedgehog () - A clinical case.

A 3-year-old, 420 g, intact male African pygmy hedgehog () was presented with a sudden appearance of a mass protruding from its preputium. A detailed physical examination revealed the presence of a polyp-like mass, connected to the mucous membrane of the penis and a second, multilobular mass with a larger base. Both masses were surgically removed.

Echocardiographic measurements and cardiac anatomy in healthy Western hognose snakes ().

This study aims to describe the most important cardiac structures in the through echocardiography and anatomical dissection. Echocardiographic and echo-Doppler measurements were performed on twenty healthy adult (10.10).