STUTTERING: INITIATING FACTORS, EVOLUTION, HEALING PERSPECTIVES.

Despite high amount of incidents, no scientific paper existed up to now in Georgia dealing with the stuttering. In present essay the views over are collated. It is confirmed that the phenomenon reflects the speech rate and/or the rhythm distortions created by convulsive type involuntary contractions of voice-producing muscles.

Correlation between Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials and Disease Progression in Ménière's Disease.

Objective: To assess the relationship between ocular (oVEMPs) and cervical (cVEMPs) vestibular evoked myogenic potentials and audiometrically determined clinical stage in Ménière's disease (MD).

Methods: Thirty-four unilateral MD patients and 30 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Pure-tone hearing levels, oVEMPs, cVEMPs, and videonystagmography results were analyzed and compared between the groups.

EFFECT OF SMOKING ON TRASIENTLY EVOKED OTOACOUSTIC EMISSION.

Evoked otoacoustic emissions, EOAEs, are proved to be sounds aroused in response to external acoustic stimulus by the cochlear outer hair cells. Transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions, TEOAEs, are the most clinically utilized EOAEs. TEOAEs are detectable in 98% of people with normal hearing, regardless of age or sex, while two ears of any individual produce similar TEOAEs waveforms.

Cytomegalovirus bearing in children with sensorineural hearing losses.

The rate of bearing of cytomegalovirus, CMV, has been estimated in children suffering from inborn or newborn types of a sensorineural hearing loss of hard-to-severe degrees. The test group comprised 15 hearing-loss children of 3-6 years of age. The control group included accidentally selected 30 healthy children of the same age without any hearing complains.

Acoustic neuroma diagnosis.

Pure tone audiometry, PTA, has been regarded as an initial step when starting acoustic neuroma, AN, diagnostic service. If observing unilateral/asymmetrical sensorineural hearing loss, electronystagmography, ENG, and registration of auditory brainstem responses, ABRs, are instructed to perform. The measures of the methods are listed appearing particularly effective for AN detecting.