Video-assisted thoracic surgery in hemothorax evacuation after cardiac surgery or cardiac interventions.

Introduction: Cardiac surgery and cardiac interventions are associated with the risk of iatrogenic complications, including hemothorax. Minimally invasive methods of evacuating hemothorax include video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS).

Aim: This paper presents this method and provides its detailed analysis.

[Basic principles of evaluation of neural tube defects primary prevention programme].

Neural Tube Defects (NTD) Primary Prevention Programme has been developed in Poland since 1997. The Programme directed by Professor Z. J.

[Primary prevention program for neural tube defects in Poland].

The National Neural Tube Defect Primary Prevention Programme is presented. The programme is based on an information and education campaign aimed at showing health benefits derived from appropriate level of consumption of folic acid by women of reproductive age.

The widening gap in low birthweight rates between extreme social groups in Poland during 1985-90.

An attempt was made to identify the reasons for the increase in low birthweight (LBW) rates in Poland from 8.1% in 1985 to 8.4% in 1990.