Microwave-assisted synthesis and antimicrobial activities of flavonoid derivatives.

Eleven flavonoid derivatives were synthesised using a modified Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement, and subsequent microwave-assisted closure of the heterocyclic ring. All of the synthetic compounds displayed antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporium, and two of the synthetic flavonoid analogues exhibited significant activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Molluscicidal activities of certain pesticide and their mixtures against Biomphalaria alexandrina.

The niclosamide and uccmaluscide proved to be the most effective compounds, followed by copper sulphate. The second category of efficiency includes the anilofos, isoprothiolane and fluazifop-P-butyl. Moreover, Butachlor herbicide was the least potent compound.

Susceptibility of Biomphalaria alexandrina to the plant Azolla pinnata and some herbicides in relation to infection with Schistosoma mansoni miracidia.

Molluscicidal activity of the herebicides 2,4-D and Graminol, as well as both extracts and dry powder of the plant Azolla pinnata were evaluated against B. alexandrina snails. It was observed that 2,4-D proved to be the most toxic compound among he tested ones, showing LC90 of 52 ppm after 24 h of exposure.

Effect of the plant Azolla pinnata on survival, growth rate, fecundity and hatchability of egg-masses of Biomphalaria alexandrina snails.

Data indicated that Azolla pinnata plants variously reduce the growth rate of Biomphalaria alexandrina snails expressed as net increase in shell diameter (direct or indirect exposure). The plant density played an important role in this respect. The higher the plant density was the lower the growth rate and vice versa.