The effect of pediatric drugs on color stability of bulk-fill and conventional composite resins.

The long-term use of pediatric medications can lead to discoloration of dental restorations, which affects their durability and longevity. The present in vitro study evaluated the effects of commonly used pediatric medications on the color stability of a conventional and a bulk-fill composite resin. For this study, 80 disc-shaped specimens of each composite were prepared in molds with a diameter of 6 mm and thicknesses of 2 or 4 mm (n = 40 per thickness per material).

Global polio eradication; can we replicate the smallpox success story?

Although the Global Polio Eradication Initiative has been largely successful in elimination of polio from various parts of the world, sporadic local outbreaks in non-endemic areas continue to pose a threat to global polio eradication efforts. In the two endemic countries, Pakistan and Afghanistan, a staggering 176 cases of wild poliovirus 1 (WPV1) were reported in 2019. In 2020 alone, 959 cases of Circulating Vaccine Derived Poliovirus 2 were reported globally from 27 countries.

Zinc arginine, a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, reduces rat ventral prostate weight and DNA without affecting testicular function.

Zinc has been implicated in steroid endocrinology of the prostate gland; and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is believed to express androgenic responses in the prostate. To note the effect of neutralized zinc (zinc gluconate + arginine) on the prostate, 50 sexually mature rats, weighing 325 +/- 20 g, were divided into five groups as follows: (1) control, (2) sham, (3) castrated, and injected intraprostatically with (4) 10 mg neutralized zinc, and (5) 20 mg neutralized zinc. Results indicated significant reduction (P < 0.

The importance of pre-freeze equilibration of glycerol in cryopreservation of human spermatozoa and the biochemical conversion of glycerol.

Objective: To find optimal conditions for cryopreservation of human spermatozoa with glycerol as cryoprotectant.

Materials And Methods: Pooled semen from groups of three normal donors was allowed to liquefy for 30 minutes at 37 degrees C. Samples were subjected to a prefreeze equilibration interval of 0, 30, or 60 minutes, with 5% or 10% glycerol, at 0 degrees C, 22 degrees C, or 37 degrees C.