Comprehensive review on Alzheimer's disease: From the posttranslational modifications of Tau to corresponding treatments.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease, which is mainly characterized by the abnormal deposition of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and Tau. Since Tau aggregation is more closely associated with synaptic loss, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline than Aβ, the correlation between Tau and cognitive function in AD has gradually gained attention. The posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of Tau are key factors contributing to its pathological changes, which include phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, glycation, small ubiquitin-like modifier mediated modification (SUMOylation), methylation, succinylation, etc.

Study of Serum Metabolic Biomarkers and Prediction Models of Cantharidin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats Based on Dynamic Metabolomics.

The clinical application of cantharidin (CTD) is seriously limited due to its nephrotoxicity. Therefore, this study aims to investigate sensitive biomarkers for the evaluation and prediction of nephrotoxicity induced by CTD in rat. A total of 80 rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group and three doses of CTD groups.

The novel β-hairpin antimicrobial peptide D-G(RF)3 demonstrates exceptional antibacterial efficacy.

The clinical application of most natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is hindered by their lack of a synergistic combination of high antibacterial efficacy, low toxicity, and stability, necessitating frequent complex modifications that incur significant labor and economic costs. Therefore, it is imperative to optimize the antibacterial properties of AMPs using some simplified approach. In this study, we designed a library of β-hairpin AMPs with identical β-turn sequences (-D-Pro-Gly-) and varying repetition units (IR, FR, and WK).

Core enhancers of the 3'RR optimize IgH nuclear position and loop conformation for successful oriented class switch recombination.

In B lymphocytes, class switch recombination (CSR) is an essential process that adapts immunoglobulin (Ig) subtypes to antigen response. Taking place within the Ig heavy chain (IgH) locus, CSR needs controlled transcription of targeted regions governed by the IgH 3' regulatory region (3'RR). This super-enhancer is composed of four core enhancers surrounded by inverted repeated sequences, forming a quasi-palindrome.