[Transanal endoscopic microsurgery and its significance in rectal surgery--a review].

Transanal endoscopic microsurgery is a novel endoscopic method. Primarily, it has been developed to manage pathological middle rectum conditions. Over the time, indication criteria for this procedure have become wider and, due to technical progress, more extensive procedures on distal and middle rectum, as well as perirectal transanal procedures, could be performed.

Use of radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of malignant liver lesions.

Background/aims: The authors present their experience with the option of using radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the treatment of malignant focal liver lesions.

Methodology: In a prospective study conducted in the period from 2002-2005, 60 patients were treated using RFA during a total of 72 sessions and treating 108 lesions of various size, number and localisation. The method of RFA was applied either percutaneously under computed tomography (CT) or ultrasonographic (USG) navigation (22 patients) or surgically--during opened laparotomy or laparoscopy (42 patients).

[An unusual cause of the chronic ileus state--the absence of the intestinal wall muscularis layer].

In this study the authors describe a rare histological finding in the resected small intestine, which was a cause of continuous ileal difficulties in a young female patient, and which increased in their intensity and finally resulted in an acute state which had to be solved by an urgent surgical procedure. The situation was defined as "absence of the muscularis layer" of the intestinal wall by a pathologist. The pathologist also stated that he had never come across such a case, neither in our literature, nor in the foreign one and that the condition was diagnosed with difficulties when using a standard visualization examination methods.