Scaling up to understand disease risk: distinct roles of host functional traits in shaping infection risk of avian malaria across different scales.

Understanding the impacts of diversity on pathogen transmission is essential for public health and biological conservation. However, how the outcome and mechanisms of the diversity-disease relationship vary across biological scales in natural systems remains elusive. In addition, although the role of host functional traits has long been established in disease ecology, its integration into the diversity-disease relationship largely falls behind.

AmelOBP4: an antenna-specific odor-binding protein gene required for olfactory behavior in the honey bee (Apis mellifera).

Background: Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) initiate the process of odorant perception. Numerous investigations have demonstrated that OBPs bind a broad variety of chemicals and are more likely to carry pheromones or odor molecules with high binding affinities. However, few studies have investigated its effects on insect behavior.

Exosome-carried miR-1248 from adipose-derived stem cells improves angiogenesis in diabetes-associated wounds.

Chronic non-healing wounds are a common complication of diabetes, marked by impaired angiogenesis. This study explores how exosomes (Exo-miR-1248) from miR-1248-overexpressing adipose-derived stem cells enhance diabetic wound healing by modulating endothelial cell function. Adipose-derived stem cells were transfected with a lentivirus carrying miR-1248 to produce Exo-miR-1248, isolated via differential centrifugation.

Rotavirus vaccine effectiveness and coverage among children younger than 5 years old in Shanghai, China: A test-negative case control study.

Objectives: The number of post-marketing studies assessing the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the Lanzhou lamb rotavirus vaccine (LLR, licensed in 2000 exclusively in China) and the oral human attenuated pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RotaTeq, licensed in China in 2018) in China is limited.

Methods: A test-negative case-control study based on prospective surveillance was conducted among diarrhea patients aged 5 years and younger at five hospitals in Shanghai, China. Cases and controls were defined based on the results of real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) of fecal samples for rotavirus.

Genistein-3'-sodium sulfonate suppresses NLRP3-mediated cell pyroptosis after cerebral ischemia.

Cerebral ischemia-induced pyroptosis contributes to the dissemination of neuroinflammation, and Nod-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays a key role in this process. Previous studies have indicated that Genistein-3'-sodiumsulfonate (GSS) can inhibit neuroinflammation caused by cerebral ischemia, exert cerebroprotective effects, but its specific mechanism has not been comprehensively understood. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of GSS on ischemic stroke-induced cell pyroptosis.