Attenuation of the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines prevents depressive-like behavior during ethanol withdrawal in mice.

Clinical studies indicate that alcohol-dependent patients may develop depressive symptoms during abstinence, which may increase the likelihood of relapse. It is known that both in alcohol exposure and depression, there is an increase in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the brain. However, the putative contribution of increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the development of depressive-like behavior during ethanol withdrawal has not been evaluated.

Contribution of men who have sex with men (MSM) attending due to contact tracing to the diagnoses of HIV, syphilis and gonorrhoea in MSM from a clinic-based population.

Objectives: Rates of HIV, syphilis and gonorrhoea have increased over the past 20 years in men who have sex with men (MSM). Contact tracing strategies have increased the number of MSM attending clinics as sexual contacts. Understanding the outcomes of contact tracing could inform future public health policies to reduce the burden of STIs in MSM.