Design of a highly stable and conductive electrolyte by suppressing barium copper oxide formation at the grain interfaces in Cu-doped BaCeZrDyO sintered at a low temperature (1200 °C) for SOFCs.

Proton-conducting electrolytes with high conductivity and long-term stability, achievable at low sintering temperatures, are of paramount importance. In this study, we investigate the impact of Cu doping on the sintering mechanism, electrical performance, and stability of BaCeZrDyO (BCZD) electrolyte. The morphology, composition, structure, and chemical state of BCZD electrolytes were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

Pharmacovigilance: the evolution of drug safety monitoring.

The Pharmacovigilance system is aimed to promote and protect public health by ensuring the availability of essential medicines in the market and reducing the burden of ADRs. Pharmacovigilance is derived from two words; pharamakon rooted in the Greek word that means medicinal substance and vigilia rooted in the Latin word to keep watch. This concept evolved after Hannah Greener died in 1848 after having a tonsillectomy with chloroform.

Whether medicine supply is really meeting primary health care needs: a mixed-methods study in Shandong Province, China.

Background: With the aging population, the increasing prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases, and the diversified needs for primary health care (PHC) medicines, it is necessary to rethink the functional role of the supply of PHC medicines. This study aims to evaluate the supply of PHC medicines and the status of meeting PHC medicine needs.

Methods: The mixed-methods study was conducted to evaluate the supply of PHC medicines in Shandong Province.