Synthesis of Benzo[]thiophenes via Electrophilic Sulfur Mediated Cyclization of Alkynylthioanisoles.

A stable dimethyl(thiodimethyl)sulfonium tetrafluoroborate salt was employed for the electrophilic cyclization reaction of -alkynyl thioanisoles for the synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted benzo[]thiophenes. The reaction described herein works well with various substituted alkynes in excellent yields, and a valuable thiomethyl group was introduced with ease. The reaction utilizes moderate reaction conditions and ambient temperature while tolerating various functionalities.

Development and Characteristics of Novel PLGA-chitosan as a New Nanocarrier for Pentavalent Vaccine Delivery.

Background: Lately, the employment of nano-carriers has been known as an optimistic means of drug and vaccine delivery.

Objective: Nano vaccines are a novel tier of vaccines that can develop humoral and cellular immune responses and can be introduced as a practical and secure nano vaccine candidate for the prevention of diseases. The purpose of this study was to accomplish and use biodegradable nano-carriers for the synthesis of pentavalent vaccine and immunogenicity evaluation in the animal models.

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy in an Endurance Athlete Presenting with Ventricular Tachycardia and Normal Right Ventricular Function.

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, a genetically inherited disease that results in fibrofatty replacement of normal cardiac myocytes, has been associated with sudden cardiac death in athletes. Long-term participation in endurance exercise hastens the development of both the arrhythmic and structural arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy phenotypes. We describe the unusual case of a 34-year-old, symptomatic, female endurance athlete who had arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in the presence of a structurally normal right ventricle.

Life Psychosocial Stresses and Coronary Artery Disease.

Background: It is hypothesized that the impacts of life events accumulate and can trigger and promote atherosclerosis in susceptible individuals. In the current study, the correlation of total life stressors during 1 year was investigated relative to coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods: The study population consisted of 148 males and 152 females aged 35-76 years.

Coronary sinus anatomy by computerized tomography, overlaid on live fluoroscopy can be successfully used to guide left ventricular lead implantation: a feasibility study.

Objective: This study aims to optimize coronary sinus (CS) computerized tomography (CT) imaging and evaluate its utility for preprocedural planning and intraoperative guidance by overlay of 3D reconstructed CS images on live fluoroscopy.

Background: Optimal CS lead placement for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) remains challenging. Preprocedural knowledge of CS anatomy can significantly affect procedural outcome.