Heredity of type 2 diabetes confers increased susceptibility to oxidative stress and inflammation.

Introduction And Objective: Heredity of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with greater risk for developing T2DM. Thus, individuals who have a first-degree relative with T2DM (FDRT) provide a natural model to study factors of susceptibility towards development of T2DM, which are poorly understood. Emerging key players in T2DM pathophysiology such as adverse oxidative stress and inflammatory responses could be among possible mechanisms that predispose FDRTs to develop T2DM.

Meal rich in carbohydrate, but not protein or fat, reveals adverse immunometabolic responses associated with obesity.

Background: Obesity-related insulin resistance is linked to inflammation. Immunometabolic function differs between lean and obese subjects, but whether macronutrient composition of ingested meals affects these responses is not well known. We examined the effects of a single meal rich in fat, protein, or carbohydrate on immunometabolic responses.

Ethnic Differences in the Role of Adipocytokines Linking Abdominal Adiposity and Insulin Sensitivity Among Asians.

Context: Among Asian ethnic groups, Chinese or Malays are more insulin sensitive than South Asians, in particular in lean individuals. We have further reported that body fat partitioning did not explain this ethnic difference in insulin sensitivity.

Objective: We examined whether adipocytokines might explain the ethnic differences in the relationship between obesity and insulin resistance among the three major ethnic groups in Singapore.

A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for adiponectin levels in East Asians identifies a novel locus near WDR11-FGFR2.

Blood levels of adiponectin, an adipocyte-secreted protein correlated with metabolic and cardiovascular risks, are highly heritable. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies for adiponectin levels have identified 14 loci harboring variants associated with blood levels of adiponectin. To identify novel adiponectin-associated loci, particularly those of importance in East Asians, we conducted a meta-analysis of GWA studies for adiponectin in 7827 individuals, followed by two stages of replications in 4298 and 5954 additional individuals.

Relationships between cholesterol efflux and high-density lipoprotein particles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) encompasses a heterogeneous population of lipoproteins with differences in functionality. The impact of HDL heterogeneity on its ability to support HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux has not been previously studied in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Objectives: To examine the relationships between various HDL subtypes and cholesterol efflux from macrophages in patients with T2DM.