Development and validation of a new photographic scale to grade lid wiper epitheliopathy.

Purpose: Lid wiper epitheliopathy (LWE) is a clinical sign that has been associated with dry eye disease (DED) and contact lens discomfort (CLD). This study describes the development, validation and graders' preference of a new photographic scale for LWE, the Photographic Lid Wiper Epitheliopathy (PLWE) scale.

Methods: The PLWE grading scale was developed using LWE images selected from 57 screened patients (≥18 years of age) with confirmed LWE in both eyes.

Natural course of lid wiper epitheliopathy (LWE) in symptomatic contact lens wearers.

Purpose: To establish the time course of lid wiper epitheliopathy (LWE) in established CL wearers after a single day (6-10 h) of daily disposable contact lens (CL) wear, the following day post-CL removal and 1-week after CL discontinuation.

Methods: Twenty-one symptomatic (CLDEQ-8 score ≥ 12) habitual wearers of MyDay® silicone hydrogel daily disposable were included. LWE staining was assessed prior to CL wear (Visit 1, V1) using semi-automated analysis after instillation of two drops of 1 % lissamine green (10 μL) that were applied to the superior bulbar conjunctiva.

The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on working practices of UK primary care optometrists.

Purpose: In late 2019, a new coronavirus capable of infecting humans, SARS-CoV-2, was identified in Wuhan, China. The resultant respiratory disease was subsequently named COVID-19. In March 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, primary care optometry practices only remained open to deliver essential or emergency eye care.

Impact of Improper Approach to Identify Lid Wiper Epitheliopathy (LWE).

Purpose: Variability in the use of ophthalmic dyes to diagnose lid wiper epitheliopathy (LWE) has led to division in the literature and clinical practice. The principal aim of this study was to evaluate whether the use of a non-optimal methodology to identify LWE had a potential for false negatives; in which LWE was overlooked.

Patients And Methods: A total of 20 participants were initially categorized to not have LWE and were enrolled in this study.

Optimal methodology for lid wiper epitheliopathy identification.

Purpose: Lid wiper epitheliopathy (LWE) is a clinical sign that has been associated with dry eye disease. This study used a semi-automated method to identify the effect of drop instillation and post-dye viewing time on the absorption of lissamine green (LG) and sodium fluorescein (NaFl) on the upper eyelid in order to ascertain the optimal identification for LWE assessment.

Methods: In 37 participants with LWE, 1-drop of 1% LG (10 μL) was applied to the superior bulbar conjunctiva in the right eye, and photographs of the lid margin were taken 1, 3, and 5 min after instillation.

Effect of stimulus configuration on crowding in strabismic amblyopia.

Foveal vision in strabismic amblyopia can show increased levels of crowding, akin to typical peripheral vision. Target-flanker similarity and visual-acuity test configuration may cause the magnitude of crowding to vary in strabismic amblyopia. We used custom-designed visual acuity tests to investigate crowding in observers with strabismic amblyopia.

Foveal crowding differs in children and adults.

We used custom-designed acuity tests to compare the magnitude and extent of crowded letter recognition in children and adults. Visual acuity (logMAR) was measured monocularly in children and adults using five custom-designed letter tests with varying degrees of crowding: single letter, single letter surrounded by four flanking bars, single letter surrounded by four flanking letters, line of five letters surrounded by flanking bars, and line of five letters surrounded by flanking letters. The tests were constructed using Sloan letters and presented on an iPad (Apple Incorporated, Cupertino, CA) at 4 m using a standardized endpoint and instructions.

Crowding in children's visual acuity tests--effect of test design and age.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of test design (crowding) and age on visual acuity in a sample of young children.

Methods: Vision was measured in 103 children aged between 4 and 9 years using five different visual acuity tests. The tests included three crowded tests: logMAR Crowded test, the Sonksen logMAR test, and the Crowded Kay Picture test, and two single optotype tests: the Single Kay Picture and Sheridan Gardiner tests.