Nisin, a Probiotic Bacteriocin, Modulates the Inflammatory and Microbiome Changes in Female Reproductive Organs Mediated by Polymicrobial Periodontal Infection.

Periodontitis-related oral microbial dysbiosis is thought to contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs), infertility, and female reproductive inflammation. Since probiotics can modulate periodontitis and oral microbiome dysbiosis, this study examined the effects of a probiotic bacteriocin, nisin, in modulating the reproductive microbiome and inflammation triggered by periodontitis. A total of 24 eight-week-old BALB/cByJ female mice were randomly divided into four treatment groups (control, infection, nisin, and infection+nisin group), with 6 mice per group.

A review of recent advances in the use of complex metal nanostructures for biomedical applications from diagnosis to treatment.

Complex metal nanostructures represent an exceptional category of materials characterized by distinct morphologies and physicochemical properties. Nanostructures with shape anisotropies, such as nanorods, nanostars, nanocages, and nanoprisms, are particularly appealing due to their tunable surface plasmon resonances, controllable surface chemistries, and effective targeting capabilities. These complex nanostructures can absorb light in the near-infrared, enabling noteworthy applications in nanomedicine, molecular imaging, and biology.

Purification of Native Dentilisin Complex from by Preparative Continuous Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis and Functional Analysis by Gelatin Zymography.

Periodontal disease is characterized by the destruction of the hard and soft tissues comprising the periodontium. This destruction translates to a degradation of the extracellular matrices (ECM), mediated by bacterial proteases, host-derived matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and other proteases released by host tissues and immune cells. Bacterial pathogens interact with host tissue, triggering adverse cellular functions, including a heightened immune response, tissue destruction, and tissue migration.

Nisin lantibiotic prevents NAFLD liver steatosis and mitochondrial oxidative stress following periodontal disease by abrogating oral, gut and liver dysbiosis.

Oral microbiome dysbiosis mediates chronic periodontal disease, gut microbial dysbiosis, and mucosal barrier disfunction that leads to steatohepatitis via the enterohepatic circulation. Improving this dysbiosis towards health may improve liver disease. Treatment with antibiotics and probiotics have been used to modulate the microbial, immunological, and clinical landscape of periodontal disease with some success.

Biological biomarkers of oral cancer.

The oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) 5 year survival rate of 41% has marginally improved in the last few years, with less than a 1% improvement per year from 2005 to 2017, with higher survival rates when detected at early stages. Based on histopathological grading of oral dysplasia, it is estimated that severe dysplasia has a malignant transformation rate of 7%-50%. Despite these numbers, oral dysplasia grading does not reliably predict its clinical behavior.

EVIDENCE SUPPORTS SHORT-TERM CLINICAL BENEFITS OF ADJUNCTIVE ORAL PROBIOTICS FOLLOWING SCALING AND ROOT PLANING TREATMENT.

Article Title And Bibliographic Information: Hu D, Zhong T, Dai Q. Clinical efficacy of probiotics as an adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planning in the management of periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trails. J Evid Based Dent Pract.

Nisin a probiotic bacteriocin mitigates brain microbiome dysbiosis and Alzheimer's disease-like neuroinflammation triggered by periodontal disease.

Introduction: Periodontitis-related oral microbial dysbiosis is thought to contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuroinflammation and brain amyloid production. Since probiotics can modulate periodontitis/oral dysbiosis, this study examined the effects of a probiotic/lantibiotic, nisin, in modulating brain pathology triggered by periodontitis.

Methods: A polymicrobial mouse model of periodontal disease was used to evaluate the effects of this disease on brain microbiome dysbiosis, neuroinflammation, Alzheimer's-related changes, and nisin's therapeutic potential in this context.

Specific Oral Microbial Differences in Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes Are Associated with Distinct Sites When Moving from Healthy Mucosa to Oral Dysplasia-A Microbiome and Gene Profiling Study and Focused Review.

Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are a group of conditions that carry a risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) development. Recent studies indicate that periodontal disease-associated pathogenic bacteria may play a role in the transition from healthy mucosa to dysplasia and to OSCC. Yet, the microbial signatures associated with the transition from healthy mucosa to dysplasia have not been established.

Reparative Dentin Formation Following Dental Pulp Capping is Mediated by TNFR1 In Vivo.

Introduction: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that promotes biomineralization in vitro in dental pulp cells. However, the role of TNF-α-TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) signaling in reparative dentin formation and related inflammatory pathways is not known. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the TNF-α-TNFR1 axis in dental pulp repair following pulp capping in vivo.

Periodontal treatment and microbiome-targeted therapy in management of periodontitis-related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with oral and gut dysbiosis.

A growing body of evidence from multiple areas proposes that periodontal disease, accompanied by oral inflammation and pathological changes in the microbiome, induces gut dysbiosis and is involved in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A subgroup of NAFLD patients have a severely progressive form, namely nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is characterized by histological findings that include inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis. NASH has a high risk of further progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Stimulation of Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts Using Purified Dentilisin Extracted from .

Periodontal disease is a chronic multifactorial disease triggered by a complex of bacterial species. These interact with host tissues to cause the release of a broad array of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and tissue remodelers, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which lead to the destruction of periodontal tissues. Patients with severe forms of periodontitis are left with a persistent pro-inflammatory transcriptional profile throughout the periodontium, even after clinical intervention, leading to the destruction of teeth-supporting tissues.

Cellular Mechanisms of Inflammaging and Periodontal Disease.

Increased age is associated with an increased prevalence of chronic inflammatory diseases and conditions. The term inflammaging has been used to describe the age-related changes to the immune response that results in a chronic and elevated inflammatory state that contributes, in part, to the increased prevalence of disease in older adults. Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the periodontium and increases in prevalence with age.

Association between oral health markers and decline in muscle strength and physical performance in later life: longitudinal analyses of two prospective cohorts from the UK and the USA.

Background: Poor oral health could be associated with changes in musculoskeletal health over time. This aim of this study was to investigate the longitudinal relationship between oral health and decline in physical function in later life.

Methods: We did a prospective analysis of two cohorts of older adults (aged 70 years or older) including men from the British Regional Heart Study (BRHS; n=612), and men and women from the Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study (n=1572), followed up for about 8 years.

Use of the Probiotic subsp. HN019 in Oral Diseases.

The oral cavity is one of the environments on the human body with the highest concentrations of microorganisms that coexist harmoniously and maintain homeostasis related to oral health. Several local factors can shift the microbiome to a pathogenic state of dysbiosis. Existing treatments for infections caused by changes in the oral cavity aim to control biofilm dysbiosis and restore microbial balance.

Nisin and Nisin Probiotic Disrupt Oral Pathogenic Biofilms and Restore Their Microbiome Composition towards Healthy Control Levels in a Peri-Implantitis Setting.

Peri-implantitis is characterized by chronic inflammation of the peri-implant supporting tissues that progressively and irreversibly leads to bone loss and, consequently, implant loss. Similar to periodontal disease, oral dysbiosis is thought to be a driver of peri-implantitis. However, managing peri-implantitis with traditional treatment methods, such as nonsurgical debridement or surgery, is not always successful.

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Loaded with Nisin (SLN-Nisin) are More Effective Than Free Nisin as Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Anticancer Agents.

Bacteriocins are peptides produced by bacteria to inhibit the growth of other prokaryotes. Nisin is a bacteriocin widely used in the food industry and for biomedical applications. However, bacteriocins have some limitations, as they experience mechanisms of resistance, degradation by proteases, and suboptimal intracellular delivery.

Nisin probiotic prevents inflammatory bone loss while promoting reparative proliferation and a healthy microbiome.

Dysbiosis of the oral microbiome mediates chronic periodontal disease. Realignment of microbial dysbiosis towards health may prevent disease. Treatment with antibiotics and probiotics can modulate the microbial, immunological, and clinical landscape of periodontal disease with some success.

Incision-free, coronally advanced flap with subepithelial connective tissue graft placed by the molar or canine access (MOCA) technique: 13 case series.

Introduction: Root coverage procedures are not always predictable, and outcomes depend on several factors. This technique provides a predictable alternative to managing facial gingival recessions.

Case Series: A new grafting technique is introduced that requires no incisions at the recipient site, thereby preserving the integrity of the local blood supply to optimize the healing process.

Periodontal Disease: The Good, The Bad, and The Unknown.

Periodontal disease is classically characterized by progressive destruction of the soft and hard tissues of the periodontal complex, mediated by an interplay between dysbiotic microbial communities and aberrant immune responses within gingival and periodontal tissues. Putative periodontal pathogens are enriched as the resident oral microbiota becomes dysbiotic and inflammatory responses evoke tissue destruction, thus inducing an unremitting positive feedback loop of proteolysis, inflammation, and enrichment for periodontal pathogens. Keystone microbial pathogens and sustained gingival inflammation are critical to periodontal disease progression.

Connective Tissue Graft with or without Enamel Matrix Derivative for Treating Gingival Recession Defects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: The aim of this systematic review is to compare the root coverage outcomes of using a connective tissue graft (CTG) with and without the application of enamel matrix derivative (EMD).

Methodology: An electronic search was performed up to July 2020 in 4 databases, including Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Central. Human clinical studies with data on comparing outcomes of root coverage using CTG with and without the application of EMD were included.

Functional Adaptation of LPS-affected Dentoalveolar Fibrous Joints in Rats.

Introduction: The functional interplay between cementum of the root and alveolar bone of the socket is tuned by a uniquely positioned 70-80 µm wide fibrous and lubricious ligament in a dentoalveolar joint (DAJ). In this study, structural and biomechanical properties of the DAJ, periodontal ligament space (PDL-space also known as the joint space), alveolar bone of the socket, and cementum of the tooth root that govern the biomechanics of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-affected DAJ were mapped both in space and time.

Methods: The hemi-maxillae from 20 rats (4 control at 6 weeks of age, 4 control and 4 LPS-affected at 12 weeks of age, 4 control and 4 LPS-affected at 16 weeks of age) were investigated using a hybrid technique; micro-X-ray computed tomography (5 µm resolution) in combination with biomechanical testing in situ.

Clinical study showing a lower abundance of Neisseria in the oral microbiome aligns with low birth weight pregnancy outcomes.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the association between the oral microbiome and pregnancy outcomes, specifically healthy or preterm low birth weight (PLBW) in individuals with and without periodontal disease (PD).

Material And Methods: In this prospective clinical trial, we recruited 186 pregnant women, 17 of whom exhibited PD and delivered PLBW infants (PD-PLBW group). Of the remaining women, 155 presented PD and delivered healthy infants; 18 of these subjects with similar periodontal condition and age matched to the PD-PLBW group, and they became the PD-HD group.

The psychobiological links between chronic stress-related diseases, periodontal/peri-implant diseases, and wound healing.

Chronic stress is a relevant disease to periodontal practice, encompassing 25%-28% of the US population (American Psychological Association 2015). While it is well established that chronic psychologic stress can have significant deleterious systemic effects, only in recent decades have we begun to explore the biochemical, microbial, and physiologic impacts of chronic stress diseases on oral tissues. Currently, chronic stress is classified as a "risk indicator" for periodontal disease.

Association between metabolic syndrome and periodontitis: The role of lipids, inflammatory cytokines, altered host response, and the microbiome.

Periodontitis has been associated with many systemic diseases and conditions, including metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that occur concomitantly and together they increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and double the risk of type 2 diabetes. In this review, we focus on the association between metabolic syndrome and periodontitis; however, we also include information on diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, since these two conditions are significantly intertwined with metabolic syndrome.

Dental informed consent challenges and considerations for cognitively impaired patients.

Because the US population is living to an older age, the number of individuals with cognitive impairment and periodontitis is increasing, as both conditions/diseases increase with age. Dental informed consent best practices for dental/periodontal treatment of individuals with cognitive impairment have not been explored, yet warrant consideration, because complex dental treatments to address periodontal needs/edentulism raise challenges for informed consent in the elderly with cognitive impairment. The purpose of this review is to help practitioners better understand this topic and develop best practices in dentistry for informed consent of patients with cognitive impairment that need extensive dental treatment, including surgical and implant therapy.