Publications by authors named "Yves Desjardins"

The development of cardiometabolic (CM) diseases is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, partly linked to alterations of the gut microbiota (GM) and reduced intestinal integrity. The SINFONI project investigates a multifunctional (MF) nutritional strategy's impact combining different bioactive compounds on inflammation, GM modulation and CM profile. In this randomized crossover-controlled study, 30 subjects at CM-risk consumed MF cereal-products, enriched with polyphenols, fibers, slowly-digestible starch, omega-3 fatty acids or Control cereal-products (without bioactive compounds) for 2 months.

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Proanthocyanidins (PAC) and oligosaccharides from cranberry exhibit multiple bioactive health properties and persist intact in the colon post-ingestion. They display a complex bidirectional interaction with the microbiome, which varies based on both time and specific regions of the gut; the nature of this interaction remains inadequately understood. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the impact of cranberry extract on gut microbiota ecology and function.

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Flavan-3-ols intake is associated with numerous health benefits, but these are influenced by their conversion into smaller phenolic metabolites by the gut microbiota. Thus, the identification of bacteria that metabolize flavan-3-ols could lead to targeted interventions to enhance their benefits. To this end, we screened 47 strains for their ability to metabolize (+)-catechin, a flavan-3-ol.

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects 25% of the adult population with no effective drug treatments available. Previous animal studies reported that a polyphenol-rich extract from the Amazonian berry camu-camu (CC) prevented hepatic steatosis in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. This study aims to determine the impact of CC on hepatic steatosis (primary outcome) and evaluate changes in metabolic and gut microbiota profiles (exploratory outcomes).

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Polyphenols are phytochemicals commonly found in plant-based diets which have demonstrated immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the interplay between polyphenols and pathogens at mucosal barrier surfaces has not yet been elucidated in detail. Here, we show that proanthocyanidin (PAC) polyphenols interact with gut parasites to influence immune function and gut microbial-derived metabolites in mice.

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Some strains of produce specific tannases that could enable the metabolism of ellagitannins into more bioavailable phenolic metabolites, thereby promoting the health effects of these polyphenols. However, the metabolic ability of these strains remains poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the ability of broad esterase-producing (Est_1092+) and extracellular tannase-producing (TanA+) strains to convert a wide assortment of ellagitannins from camu-camu () fruit.

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Cranberry is associated with multiple health benefits, which are mostly attributed to its high content of (poly)phenols, particularly flavan-3-ols. However, clinical trials attempting to demonstrate these positive effects have yielded heterogeneous results, partly due to the high inter-individual variability associated with gut microbiota interaction with these molecules. In fact, several studies have demonstrated the ability of these molecules to modulate the gut microbiota in animal and in vitro models, but there is a scarcity of information in human subjects.

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Clinical trials investigating the health effects of flavan-3-ols yield heterogeneous results due to interindividual variability in the gut microbiota metabolism. In fact, different groups in the population have similar metabolic profiles following (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin gut microbial metabolism and can be regrouped into so-called metabotypes. In this study, the capacity of 34 donors to metabolize polymeric B-type flavan-3-ols from aronia and oligomeric A-type flavan-3-ols from cranberry is investigated by in vitro fecal batch fermentations.

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In vitro systems are widely employed to assess the impact of dietary compounds on the gut microbiota and their conversion into beneficial bacterial metabolites. However, the complex fluid dynamics and multi-segmented nature of these systems can complicate the comprehensive analysis of dietary compound fate, potentially confounding physical dilution or washout with microbial catabolism. In this study, we developed fluid dynamics models based on sets of ordinary differential equations to simulate the behavior of an inert compound within two commonly used in vitro systems: the continuous two-stage PolyFermS system and the semi-continuous multi-segmented SHIME® system as well as into various declinations of those systems.

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Influenza antiviral drugs are important tools in our fight against both annual influenza epidemics and pandemics. Polyphenols are a group of compounds found in plants, some of which have demonstrated promising antiviral activity. Previous in vitro and mouse studies have outlined the anti-influenza virus effectiveness of the polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG); however, no study has utilised the ferret model, which is considered the gold-standard for influenza antiviral studies.

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Quantification of nutritional biomarkers is crucial to accurately assess the dietary intake of different classes of (poly)phenols in large epidemiological studies. High-throughput analysis is mandatory to apply this methodology in large cohorts. However, the current validated methods to quantify (poly)phenols metabolites in biological fluids use ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), leading to analysis time of several minutes per sample.

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Although the relationship between gut microbiota and flavan-3-ol metabolism differs greatly between individuals, the specific metabolic profiles, known as metabotypes, have not yet been clearly defined. In this study, fecal batch fermentations of 34 healthy donors inoculated with (-)-epicatechin were stratified into groups based on their conversion rate of (-)-epicatechin and their quali-quantitative metabolic profile. Fast and slow converters of (-)-epicatechin, high producers of 1-(3'-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(2″,4″,6″-trihydroxyphenyl)-propan-2-ol (3-HPP-2-ol) and 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone (3,4-DHPVL) were identified.

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Scope: The beneficial health effects of (poly)phenol-rich foods such as red grapes mainly depend on both the type and concentration of (poly)phenols. Since fruit (poly)phenol content is influenced by growing conditions, the study examines the seasonal effects of red grapes (Vitis vinifera L.), grown under various cultivation conditions, on metabolic markers of adipose tissue in healthy rats.

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Background: Excessive hedonic consumption is one of the main drivers for weight gain. Identifying contributors of this dysregulation would help to tackle obesity. The gut microbiome is altered during obesity and regulates host metabolism including food intake.

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Objective: Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in germ-free (GF) mice is a common approach to study the causal role of the gut microbiota in metabolic diseases. Lack of consideration of housing conditions post-FMT may contribute to study heterogeneity. We compared the impact of two housing strategies on the metabolic outcomes of GF mice colonised by gut microbiota from mice treated with a known gut modulator (cranberry proanthocyanidins (PAC)) or vehicle.

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While the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is steadily increasing worldwide, no optimal pharmacotherapy is readily available to address its multifaceted risk factors and halt its complications. This growing challenge mandates the development of other future curative directions. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the efficacy of cranberry proanthocyanidins (PACs) in improving MetS pathological conditions and liver complications; C57BL/6J mice were fed either a standard chow or a high fat/high sucrose (HFHS) diet with and without PACs (200 mg/kg), delivered by daily gavage for 12 weeks.

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Extracellular tannase Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-producing strains (TanA+) release bioactive metabolites from dietary tannins. However, there is a paucity of knowledge of TanA+ strains and their hydrolyzing capacities. This study aimed to shed light on the metabolic and genomic features of TanA+ L.

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Many strategies are used to quantify microbial (poly)phenol metabolites (MPMs) in urine. Currently, to obtain accurate results, the use of phase II conjugate analytical standards is deemed to be the gold standard. However, these standards are expensive or commercially unavailable.

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Consumption of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) provides multifaceted health benefits. Recent studies suggest that ω-3 PUFAs modulate the gut microbiota by enhancing health-promoting bacteria, such as the mucin specialist . However, these prebiotic properties have been poorly investigated and direct effects on the gut microbiome have never been explored dynamically across gut regions and niches (lumen .

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The consumption of plant-based bioactive compounds modulates the gut microbiota and interacts with the innate and adaptive immune responses associated with metabolic disorders. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of cranberry polyphenols (CP), rich in flavonoids, and agavins (AG), a highly branched agave-derived neo-fructans, on cardiometabolic response, gut microbiota composition, metabolic endotoxemia, and mucosal immunomodulation of C57BL6 male mice fed an obesogenic high-fat and high-sucrose (HFHS) diet for 9 weeks. Interestingly, CP+AG-fed mice had improved glucose homeostasis.

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Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation contribute to some chronic diseases. Aronia berries are rich in polyphenols. The aim of the present study was to characterize the cellular antioxidant effect of an aronia extract to reflect the potential physiological in vivo effect.

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Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) ecology-pathophysiology from the gut reservoir to its urothelium infection site is poorly understood, resulting in equivocal benefits in the use of cranberry as prophylaxis against urinary tract infections. To add further understanding from the previous findings on PAC antiadhesive properties against UPEC, we assessed in this study the effects of proanthocyanidins (PAC) rich cranberry extract microbial metabolites on UTI89 virulence and fitness in contrasting ecological UPEC's environments. For this purpose, we developed an original model combining a colonic fermentation system (SHIME) with a dialysis cassette device enclosing UPEC and a 3D tissue-engineered urothelium.

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The interaction between exogenous IBA with sucrose, light and ventilation, alters the expression of ARFs and Aux/IAA genes in in vitro grown Carica papaya plantlets. In vitro papaya plantlets normally show low rooting percentages during their ex vitro establishment that eventually leads to high mortality when transferred to field conditions. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) auxin is normally added to culture medium, to achieve adventitious root formation on in vitro papaya plantlets.

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Returning turfgrass clippings to soil (i.e., mulching) has been shown to yield many benefits, such as reducing fertilizer requirements.

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Article Synopsis
  • The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) idea explains how the environment during important growth stages can affect disease risk later in life.
  • This study looked at how both prenatal (before birth) and postnatal (after birth) surroundings affect the gut bacteria in mother rats and how this influences their babies' health.
  • Results showed that the mother's diet changed her gut bacteria, which helped her health, but the environment after birth affected female babies’ weight and metabolism more than male babies, showing that being raised by a mother matters for health.
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