Inflammatory/juvenile-like polyps in neurofibromatosis type 1 associated with epithelial dysplasia.

The term "juvenile-like (inflammatory/hyperplastic) mucosal polyps" (JLIHMP) has been recently introduced to describe a spectrum of polypoid lesions in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1). Due to the scarce number of reported cases and histopathological similarities with entities such as sporadic/syndromic juvenile polyps or inflammatory fibroid polyps, this entity remains a subject of debate. We describe herein a case of multiple JLIHMPs in a patient with NF-1, and we document the presence of low-grade dysplasia within one of these polyps.

Over 90% of cases of Microscopic Colitis can be diagnosed by performing a short colonoscopy.

Aims: To determinate the topographical distribution of key diagnostic histological features of lymphocytic colitis (LC) and collagenous colitis (CC) and to establish what correlations may exist between the histological findings and the causes and severity of MC.

Patients And Methods: Patients with MC were included in a prospective multicentre French study from September 2010 to October 2012. MC was diagnosed by performing total colonoscopy with multiple biopsies of the rectum and colon collected in separate jars and analyzed separately for each site (descending and sigmoid colon, transverse colon, ascending colon).

A functional sequence-specific interaction between influenza A virus genomic RNA segments.

Influenza A viruses cause annual influenza epidemics and occasional severe pandemics. Their genome is segmented into eight fragments, which offers evolutionary advantages but complicates genomic packaging. The existence of a selective packaging mechanism, in which one copy of each viral RNA is specifically packaged into each virion, is suspected, but its molecular details remain unknown.

Critical role of segment-specific packaging signals in genetic reassortment of influenza A viruses.

The fragmented nature of the influenza A genome allows the exchange of gene segments when two or more influenza viruses infect the same cell, but little is known about the rules underlying this process. Here, we studied genetic reassortment between the A/Moscow/10/99 (H3N2, MO) virus originally isolated from human and the avian A/Finch/England/2051/91 (H5N2, EN) virus and found that this process is strongly biased. Importantly, the avian HA segment never entered the MO genetic background alone but always was accompanied by the avian PA and M fragments.

The influenza fingerprints: NS1 and M1 proteins contribute to specific host cell ultrastructure signatures upon infection by different influenza A viruses.

Influenza A are nuclear replicating viruses which hijack host machineries in order to achieve optimal infection. Numerous functional virus-host interactions have now been characterized, but little information has been gathered concerning their link to the virally induced remodeling of the host cellular architecture. In this study, we infected cells with several human and avian influenza viruses and we have analyzed their ultrastructural modifications by using electron and confocal microscopy.

Importance of viral genomic composition in modulating glycoprotein content on the surface of influenza virus particles.

Despite progress in our knowledge of the internal organisation of influenza virus particles, little is known about the determinants of their morphology and, more particularly, of the actual abundance of structural proteins at the virion level. To address these issues, we used cryo-EM to focus on viral (and host) factors that might account for observed differences in virion morphology and characteristics such as size, shape and glycoprotein (GP) spike density. Twelve recombinant viruses were characterised in terms of their morphology, neuraminidase activity and virus growth.

In vitro characterization of naturally occurring influenza H3NA- viruses lacking the NA gene segment: toward a new mechanism of viral resistance?

Among a panel of 788 clinical influenza H3N2 isolates, two isolates were characterized by an oseltamivir-resistant phenotype linked to the absence of any detectable NA activity. Here, we established that the two H3NA- isolates lack any detectable full-length NA segment, and one of these could be rescued by reverse genetics in the absence of any NA segment sequence. We found that the absence of NA segment induced a moderate growth defect of the H3NA- viruses as on cultured cells.

Cold oxygen plasma technology efficiency against different airborne respiratory viruses.

Background: Respiratory infections caused by viruses are major causes of upper and lower respiratory tract infections. They account for an important mortality and morbidity worldwide. Amongst these viruses, influenza viruses and paramyxoviruses are major pathogens.

Acute hepatitis E: a cause of lymphocytic destructive cholangitis.

Lymphocytic destructive cholangitis is a histological pattern associating bile duct intraepithelial lymphocytic infiltration and bile duct epithelial damage. Lymphocytic destructive cholangitis is an important diagnostic feature of primary biliary cirrhosis, but it can also be seen in primary sclerosing cholangitis, autoimmune hepatitis, the so-called overlap syndrome, acute or chronic viral hepatitis C, drug-induced hepatitis, and acute rejection or graft-versus-host disease in liver or bone marrow transplantation. In the present paper we report a case of acute hepatitis with lymphocytic destructive cholangitis on liver biopsy.

Determination of DNA ploidy by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in hydatidiform moles: evaluation of FISH on isolated nuclei.

In the past 20 years, the diagnosis of hydatidiform moles has become more difficult because of the widespread use of early uterine evacuation. Differentiating hydropic degeneration, partial, and complete moles is important because of their different prognosis. However, clinical diagnosis is less obvious, and the pathologist has to separate the different entities on the basis of very subtle morphologic criteria.