Retinal biomarkers for the risk of Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia.

Purpose: Differentiating between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) can be challenging due to overlapping cognitive and behavioral manifestations. Evidence regarding non-invasive and early-stage biomarkers remains limited. Our aim was to identify retinal biomarkers for the risk of AD and FTD in populations without dementia and explore underlying brain structural mechanisms.

Oxidative Stress-mediated Loss of Hippocampal Parvalbumin Interneurons Contributes to Memory Precision Decline After Acute Sleep Deprivation.

Sleep is pivotal to memory consolidation, and sleep deprivation (SD) after learning can impede this process, leading to memory disorders. In the present study, we aimed to explore the effects of acute sleep deprivation (ASD) on memory disorders and the underlying mechanisms. ASD model was induced by subjecting the mice to 6 h of SD following fear conditioning training.

Association of outer retinal and choroidal alterations with neuroimaging and clinical features in posterior cortical atrophy.

Background: Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a rare condition characterized by early-onset and progressive visual impairment. Individuals with PCA have relatively early-onset and progressive dementia, posing certain needs for early detection. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the association of alterations in outer retinal and choroidal structure and microvasculature with PCA neuroimaging and clinical features and the possible effects of apolipoprotein E(APOE) ε4 allele on outer retinal and choroidal alterations in participants with PCA, to detect potential ocular biomarkers for PCA screening.

Oxytocin attenuates neuroinflammation-induced anxiety through restoration of excitation and inhibition balance in the anterior cingulate cortex in mice.

Background: Accumulative evidence suggested that the oxytocin system plays a role in socio-emotional disorders, although its role in neuroinflammation-induced anxiety remains unclear.

Method: In the present study, anxiety-like behavior was induced in cohorts of animals through repeated lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.5 mg/kg, daily, Escherichia coli O55:B5) i.

Assessment of alterations in the retina and vitreous in pre- and post-COVID-19 patients using swept-source optical coherence tomography and angiography: A comparative study.

Ocular manifestations have been well recognized in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Several studies have detected ocular manifestations in patients after COVID-19. However, little is known about the retinal and vitreal alterations in patients before and after COVID-19 infection.

Assessment of Outer Retina and Choroid Using Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography and Angiography in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.

Background: For patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), both structure and microvasculature alterations in the inner retina have been investigated in several studies. However, little is known about the alterations in the outer retina and choroid. Hence, this study aimed to assess the outer retinal and choroidal changes in patients with MS with no history of optic neuritis (ON).

Acute and long-term cognitive impairment following sepsis: mechanism and prevention.

Introduction: Sepsis is a severe host response to infection, which induces both acute and long-term cognitive impairment. Despite its high incidence following sepsis, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive and effective treatments are not available clinically.

Area Covered: This review focuses on elucidating the pathological mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment following sepsis.

Effect of CDK7 inhibitor on MYCN-amplified retinoblastoma.

Retinoblastoma (RB) is a common malignancy that primarily affects pediatric populations. Although a well-known cause of RB is RB1 mutation, MYCN amplification can also lead to the disease, which is a poor prognosis factor. Studies conducted in various tumor types have shown that MYCN inhibition is an effective approach to impede tumor growth.

Complement C1q drives microglia-dependent synaptic loss and cognitive impairments in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation.

Activated microglia and subsequent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines result in neuroinflammatory status which further damage neurological function including cognitive impairments in various neurological conditions. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms during these pathological processing remain unknown. In the current study, mice received intraperitoneal administrations of LPS (0.

The Associations Between Cataracts and Alzheimer's Disease: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: The relationship between cataracts and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been reported in recent observational studies. However, it is still unclear whether a causal effect of cataracts on AD or reverse causation exists.

Objective: To explore the association between cataracts and AD genetically, we performed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Dysfunction of NRG1/ErbB4 Signaling in the Hippocampus Might Mediate Long-term Memory Decline After Systemic Inflammation.

Accumulating evidence has suggested that a great proportion of sepsis survivors suffer from long-term cognitive impairments after hospital discharge, leading to decreased life quality and substantial caregiving burdens for family members. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we established a mouse model of systemic inflammation by repeated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections.

Integrated Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Analysis of the Hippocampus in a Mouse Model of Early Life Inflammation.

Introduction: Inflammation in early life is a risk factor for the development of neuropsychiatric diseases later in adolescence and adulthood, yet the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In the present study, we performed an integrated proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of the hippocampus to identify potential molecular mechanisms of early life inflammation-induced cognitive impairment.

Methods: Both female and male mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of 100 μg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on postnatal day 10 (P10).

Reduced inhibitory and excitatory input onto parvalbumin interneurons mediated by perineuronal net might contribute to cognitive impairments in a mouse model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy.

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is commonly defined as diffuse brain dysfunction and can manifest as delirium to coma. Accumulating evidence has suggested that perineuronal net (PNN) plays an important role in the modulation of the synaptic plasticity of central nervous system. We here investigated the role of PNN in SAE induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection.

Transcriptome analysis of well-differentiated laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells in below-background environment.

Background: Preliminary research has shown an inhibited growth rate of well-differentiated laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells (FD-LSC-1) in below-background radiation (BBR), but how the cells respond to this environmental stress and the potential mechanisms are yet unknown. The current study aimed to reveal the molecular differences in cells grown under BBR conditions and normal radiation at the transcriptional level.

Methods: The expression profiles between FD-LSC-1 cells grown in a deep underground laboratory and above ground laboratory collected on day 4 were investigated by whole-transcriptome analysis, including messenger RNAs (mRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs).

Choroid and choriocapillaris changes in early-stage Parkinson's disease: a swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the aging population. Previous literature has reported thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer, and photoreceptor layer in PD patients. However, very few studies have used swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) to study the choroid and choriocapillaris vascular changes in PD and their correlations with altered contrast sensitivity.

Deficit of perineuronal net induced by maternal immune activation mediates the cognitive impairment in offspring during adolescence.

Maternal immune activation (MIA) during pregnancy is considered a risk factor for neurodevelopment in the offspring, resulting in behavioral abnormalities. Furthermore, adolescence is a vulnerable period for developing different psycho-cognitive deficits. Here, we aimed to observe the cognitive consequences of prenatal MIA exposure in adolescents and explored the underlying mechanisms.

Retinal microvascular changes in white matter hyperintensities investigated by swept source optical coherence tomography angiography.

Backgro: To assess the microvascular changes in the macular region and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area in participants with white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) using swept source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS OCTA).

Methods: This cross-sectional study included a total of 23 WMH participants (45 eyes) and 20 age-matched healthy participants (40 eyes). SS OCTA (VG200; SVision Imaging, Ltd.

Risk Factors of Restroke in Patients with Lacunar Cerebral Infarction Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Image Features under Deep Learning Algorithm.

This study was aimed to explore the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image features based on the fuzzy local information C-means clustering (FLICM) image segmentation method to analyze the risk factors of restroke in patients with lacunar infarction. In this study, based on the FLICM algorithm, the Canny edge detection algorithm and the Fourier shape descriptor were introduced to optimize the algorithm. The difference of Jaccard coefficient, Dice coefficient, peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity index measure (SSIM), running time, and segmentation accuracy of the optimized FLICM algorithm and other algorithms when the brain tissue MRI images were segmented was studied.

Outcomes of the flanged intrascleral haptic fixation with double-needle technique in patients with Marfan syndrome.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical outcomes and complications associated with the flanged intrascleral haptic fixation with double-needle technique (a.k.a.

Retinal Flow Density Changes in Early-stage Parkinson's Disease Investigated by Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

: Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative disease affecting the elderly population. The eye has been referred to as a window to the brain due to its inseparable relationship with the central nervous system. The development of Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography (SS-OCT) and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) technologies has offered us a better imaging modality to study the impact of PD on the retina.

Assessment of the outer retina and choroid in white matter lesions participants using swept-source optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To assess the three-dimensional outer retina thickness and choroid in eyes with white matter lesions (WMLs) using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).

Methods: Participants without dementia and stroke with cerebral WMLs were enrolled in our study. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) were used to image and evaluate the outer retinal layer, choroidal structure, and perfusion of the choriocapillaris, microvessels of the choroid, respectively.