Mutagenesis studies suggest a mechanism for influenza polymerase stalling during polyadenylation.

Influenza polymerase (FluPol) carries out both viral transcription and replication using the same viral genome segment as a template to yield distinct end products. However, it remains largely unclear how FluPol synthesizes transcripts containing poly (A) tails during transcription termination, while producing fully complementary products during replication termination. In this study, through structural analysis combined with cell-based and biochemical assays, we identified that the PB1 Leu675/Asn676 and PB2 Arg38 residues of FluPol are critical for transcription termination and polyadenylation.

Genome-Wide Analysis of the YABBY Transcription Factor Family in Rapeseed ( L.).

The YABBY family of plant-specific transcription factors play important regulatory roles during the development of leaves and floral organs, but their functions in species are incompletely understood. Here, we identified 79 genes from and five species (, , , , and ). A phylogenetic analysis of YABBY proteins separated them into five clusters (YAB1-YAB5) with representatives from all five species, suggesting a high degree of conservation and similar functions within each subfamily.